<p>Twmpa or Lord Hereford&#39;s Knob is a mountain in south-east Wales, forming a part of the great northwest scarp of the Black Mountains. It lies 3 km west of the border with England, and around 7 km south of Hay-on-Wye. To the northeast lies the Gospel Pass through which runs a minor road between Hay and the Llanthony Valley. A ridge known as Darren Lwyd tapers away for about 3 km to the southeast of the summit.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>In common with neighbouring hills, Twmpa is composed of alternate layers of sandstone and mudstone dating from the Devonian period and ascribed to the Lower Old Red Sandstone. Its lower slopes are formed from the mudstone-dominated St Maughans Formation whilst the upper part of the hill is composed of sandstone-dominated Senni Formation rocks. At the junction between the two is a prominent calcrete known as the Ffynnon Limestone.</p><br>
<p>Numerous landslips have occurred within the St Maughans Formation around the flanks of the hill.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The entire hill is classed as open country under the CRoW Act and is therefore available for walkers to roam freely across. It is almost encircled by public bridleways and restricted byways. The most well-used track is that running west from Gospel Pass (where car parking is available), over its summit and then southwest towards Rhos Dirion. A further track runs the length of the ridge southeastwards to the hamlet of Capel-y-ffin.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>Lord Hereford&#39;s Knob was the subject of a satirical folk rock song of the same name by post-punk band Half Man Half Biscuit. It features on their 2008 album CSI:Ambleside. The mountain also appears in the poem Wales Visitation by Allen Ginsberg, written under the influence of LSD during a visit to the cottage of his publisher Tom Maschler in the summer of 1967.</p><br>
<p>Whitehall is a plantation house that was built beginning in 1764 near Annapolis in Anne Arundel County in the Province of Maryland by Provincial Governor Horatio Sharpe. When Whitehall was built, Maryland was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain. The house is located about 7.5 mi to the east of Annapolis on a peninsula between Whitehall Creek and Meredith Creek, opposite Sharpe&#39;s Point on a branch of Chesapeake Bay. The site originally comprised about 1,000 acre. The house is a five-part Georgian mansion of great length, only one room deep in the main section. It features elaborate original interior woodwork, attributed to William Buckland, and is one of only two pre-Revolutionary houses in the Thirteen Colonies to have a temple portico. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original pavilion, gardens, parks, and entrance court of this 1,000 acre estate were designed and built under Sharpe&#39;s supervision.</p><br>
<p>The house was built by Horatio Sharpe for his intended bride, Mary Ogle. Unfortunately for Sharpe, the daughter of Samuel Ogle shattered his plans and married his secretary and close friend, John Ridout. The central portion of the house is believed to have been completed in 1765 as a pavilion for entertaining guests brought by boat from Annapolis. Work continued to add wings on either side until 1769, when it became Sharpe&#39;s residence following his removal from office. Sharpe left Maryland for England in 1773 and did not return. He died in London in 1790.</p><br>
<p>The American Revolution prevented Sharpe&#39;s return and so he instructed his friend John Ridout to sell Whitehall. Benjamin Ogle purchased the house from Ridout and two days later resold the house to Ridout for the same sum. Whitehall remained in the Ridout family for one-hundred-and-sixteen years.</p><br>
<p>In 1895, the widow of General William G. Story acquired Whitehall. Upon her death in 1912, the house passed to her son, John P. Story. He sold Whitehall to St. Johns College of Annapolis. From St. Johns, ownership of the house passed to the Henderson family and then to the Scarlett family. The home is still privately owned.</p><br>
<p>Whitehall was restored by Charles Scarlett, Jr. in the early 20th century down to its 1787 appearance and has remained preserved in that manner to this day. While the home was built originally by provincial Governor Sharpe as a retreat and entertainment pavilion; it was later enlarged and became his residence from his retirement in 1769 until his return to England in 1773.</p><br>
<h2>House</h2><br>
<p>Whitehall is an unusually long one-story five-part Flemish bond brick building, about 200 ft in length, with a two-story elevation on the north side. It was designed by Joseph Horatio Anderson, who designed the third (and present) Maryland State House. The “full temple portico” on the central portion of the house, with its Corinthian columns, is one of two in the American colonies built prior to the American Revolutionary War (the other being the Jumel Mansion built by Roger Morris in New York City). From the north, the house has a seven-part elevation, with arcaded extensions comprising to the west a privy, and to the east a kitchen and well, both mostly underground, which were added in the 1950s restoration.</p><br>
<p>The main house comprises a main pavilion of three rooms, flanked by narrow relatively long hyphens that connect to the east and west end pavilions, giving a five-part elevation facing south. On the north side the ground falls away, revealing a full basement story beneath the main house, with additional extensions running beyond the end pavilions. The central house features a square main hall with a coved ceiling rising to 20 ft, flanked by drawing rooms on either side. The south portico faces the Severn River, while a small balcony on the north side of the main hall leads to a pair of stairs to grade level. The hyphens feature lunette windows lighting the narrow gallery to the end pavilions on the south side. Round stucco blind openings decorate the north sides of the hyphens, with an arcade on the lower level open to the north. The end pavilions are two rooms deep. The pavilions were augmented during restoration by the kitchen and privy extensions, both mostly underground. These were designed to Anderson&#39;s original plans; no trace of their existence prior to the restoration was discovered. If extensions had been built the privy would have included one of the first water closets in the United States.</p><br>
<p>A second floor was added by John Ridout in 1793, with bedrooms directly above the drawing rooms in the main pavilion, with a gabled roof whose ridge coincided with the portico roof. The second story was removed during the comprehensive restoration that began in the 1950s under Charles Scarlett, Jr.</p><br>
<p>The site immediately to the north of the house is surrounded by earth mounds in the form of a bastioned breastwork. These features were added during the 1950s restoration, stated to have been built in accordance with original plans by Anderson and Sharpe, and are not of historical origin.</p><br>
<h2>National Historic Landmark</h2><br>
<p>Whitehall was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966.</p><br>
<p>Tulip Hill is a plantation house located about one mile from Galesville in Anne Arundel County in the Province of Maryland. Built between 1755 and 1756, it is a particularly fine example of an early Georgian mansion, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1970 for its architecture.</p><br>
<p>The house sits atop a ridge and overlooks the West River. The house was built by Samuel Galloway for his wife, Ann (Chew) Galloway. They married in 1742.</p><br>
<h2>The land</h2><br>
<p>The land for Tulip Hill originally was patented to Richard Talbot in 1659 as "Poplar Knowl." The house sits on a ridge from which terraces paralleling the river lead down to the meadow.</p><br>
<h2>The house</h2><br>
<p>According to an entry in the builders account book, all of the bricks used to build the house were made on the site. The curious gambrel or double-hipped roof is set off by a pediment with a bulls-eye window and dormers on the rear. A well defined cornice and a small white pedimented porch with four columns shading the front door add dignity to the facade. The central block is two stories high and 52 ft wide by 42 ft deep. Windows are nine-over-nine sashes, with the second floor windows somehwat smaller than the first. The brickwork is laid in Flemish bond. Two unusual fireplaces brick chimneys, with multiple flues, project through either end of the central portion of the house and tower over the one story wings.</p><br>
<p>A spacious hall runs the depth of the house with a large double arch dividing it equally. The front half has a chair rail and corner cupboard while the other half contains the staircase. The hall, while in the middle of the house, is not centered, being offset to the right and lit by the window to the right of the entrance door. The hall narrows at the stair hall, which contains an unusually fine curved walnut staircase. To the right of the hall, in front, is a small reception room with a larger dining room behind, connected by a narrow hall with a service stair. On the left side of the hall are two paneled drawing rooms. The second floor is similarly arranged, except that a small chamber occupies the end of the hall opposite the stairs. The two large eastern bedrooms are paneled.</p><br>
<p>The west wing contained a kitchen, while the east wing contained plantation offices.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Located at the edge of a high plateau, with the land falling rapidly away on three sides, Tulip Hill is a five-part composition with a full stone basement under the entire structure. The central block, two full stories, with a high unfinished attic and double hipped roof, is 52 feet wide and 42 feet deep. The two brick end wings, built at right angles to the main axis and measuring 20 x 24 feet, are two stories of lower height than the main house. Both have gabled roofs with a single chimney located in the center of the outer side walls. The two brick connecting hyphens or curtains, each 19 x 19 feet, are of one story with very low attic space and are covered with gable roofs that have small dormers. The walls are decorated with brick pilasters which extend to the height of the windows where they visibly support the brick stringcourse. The roof of the central unit is dormered on the rear, or river elevation and on the ends. The brick walls of the main house are laid in Flemish bond and the walls of the wings and hyphens are laid in running bond. The central unit has a rolled brick water table and a belt course at the second floor level. Over this unit rises two high, arched and vaulted chimneys, somewhat reminiscent of the more massive stacks at Stafford, Virginia (1725–30). The north or land façade of Tulip Hill is particularly interesting because of its somewhat experimental approach to late Georgian formality. There is a central pediment but no projecting pavilion beneath it. A round window with unusual flanking decorative panels adorns the pediment, and the main cornice is modillion in front only. The center door is topped by a rectangular transom, sheltered by a one story portico that was probably added about 1787-90. The pediment of the porch, supported by four columns, contains a carved figure of Cupid. The brick wall between the end pilasters of the portico is plastered and painted. Over the rear center door is an interesting cantilevered hood carried on boldly projecting carved consoles, plastered inside its arched head and adorned by curious crockets on its raking cornices. It has a carved conventionalized tulip as its finial. This recalls, in a more elaborate form, the plainer town pents used over many doorways in Philadelphia. Windows on both floors of the central block have nine over nine light sashes, but those on the second floor are reduced in height.</p><br>
<p>In plan, a broad un-paneled off-center front hall is lighted from the window to the right of the front (north) door. The fully paneled stair hall at the rear is narrower on axis. In this rear hall is an exceptionally fine carved walnut staircase, with scrolled step ends and handrail, winding around an offset newel post in the bottom. Paneling on the wall echoes the contour of its gracefully curved banister and fluted end posts. A visual separation between front and rear hall is achieved by an unusual double arch without a supporting post in the middle. The free hanging impost of the arches is adorned by a tulip ornament and hanging candle light, not unlike the carved pendant in a similar position in Gunston Hall, Virginia, designed b William Buckland at this sale time. To the right of the stair is a very fine corner cupboard with a large carved shell ornament. To the right of the front hall is a small un-paneled reception room and in the rear, also to the right of the stair hall, is a larger un-paneled dining room. These two rooms are connected by a small passage from which, against the interior chimney, arises an extremely narrow service stair, as at Stenton.</p><br>
<p>Tulip Hill and Stenton seem to be the only houses of their time and dimensions in which this feature is found. Galloway spent much time in Philadelphia with his relatives, the Chews of Cliveden, and friends, the Logans of Stenton. On the left side of the center hall ase two large and fully paneled drawing rooms, each about 20 by 17 feet in size.</p><br>
<p>The first floor plan is repeated on the second floor, except that an additional room, a small chamber, is located at the end of the hall. The two large bedrooms on the east side of the hall are fully paneled. The fireplaces in the central block are faced with either Dutch tile or marble and are framed with wood paneling. The windows have jeep paneled jambs and soffits, with architraves to the floor. The jambs are splayed and there are deep window seats. The doors, paneling, floorboards, and stair treads are of pine. Most of the hardware is original. The west (right) wing contained the kitchen and service rooms, and the east wing, the plantation office. Before construction of the wings, kitchen and other services areas were located in outbuildings as confirmed in Galloway&#39;s papers. Today only the foundations of the old ice house, which is partly supporting the garage, exist. The house was little altered during the nineteenth century and has never undergone extensive restoration.</p><br>
<p>The boundary of Tulip Hill has been drawn to include all of the remaining land, about 54 ½ acres. This includes both the original river approach from the house and terraced gardens to the West River and the original land approach through a gateway on the old Muddy Creek Road, now State Route 468 and part of a system of roads established around 1695 as Annapolis developed. The curving drive still winds through many original poplar, fir, and beechwood trees to the house.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Samuel Galloway bought Poplar Knowle in 1755, renaming it "Tulip Hill" after a grove of tulip poplars. The central portion of the house was built in 1755-56, supervised by John Devour. The house resembles "Stenton" in Germantown, Pennsylvania, built by Galloways friend James Logan. Samuels son John enlarged the house in 1787-90 by adding the end wings, hyphens and portico. The house remained in the Galloway family until 1866.</p><br>
<p>In 1771, a thirty-nine-year-old George Washington "dined and supped" at Tulip Hill twice.</p><br>
<p>One of the young Galloway children is reputed to have ridden his horse up the central staircase.</p><br>
<h3>Inheritance</h3><br>
<p>In 1786, Samual Galloway died and left Tulip Hill to his son, John Galloway. Upon Johns death, the house passed to his only child, Mary (Galloway) Maxcy. Her husband was Virgil Maxcy, the Minister to Belgium under President Martin Van Buren. Mary Maxcy left Tulip Hill to her only daughter, Ann Sarah Hughes. In 1886, Hughes sold the house to Henry M. Murray. Murrays wife, Mary H. (Morris) Murray, was a descendent of the builder of the house. The Murrays lived in Tulip Hill for thirty years before selling it to A. du Pont Parker, of Denver, Colorado. Ultimately the house passed on to Mr. and Mrs. Henry H. Flather of Washington, DC, and it was the Flathers who spent a great deal of time and money restoring Tulip Hill and the surrounding grounds to the former level of magnificence.</p><br>
<h3>Sale History</h3><br>
<p>In 2011, Tulip Hill was sold at auction by Concierge Auctions and Long & Foster Real Estate, Inc. The sale price was $2.5 million.</p><br>
<p>The Redick Tower, operated since 2011 as Hotel Deco XV, is an eleven-story building located at 1504 Harney Street in Omaha, Nebraska. The building is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed in the Art Deco style by Omaha architect Joseph G. McArthur. It was named after the Redick family, who had been among Omaha&#39;s pioneer settlers, arriving in 1856, and who had owned the land on which the building was constructed. As designed, it housed commercial storefront space on the first floor, indoor parking and garage facilities for up to 500 cars on the lower seven floors, and office space in the tower above the parking levels.</p><br>
<p>The Redick Tower was built for Garrett and Agor, Inc., which managed it until the mid-1930s, when it was purchased by the Redick Tower Corporation. In 1943, it was bought by Omaha investor Walter Duda, who held it until 1973, when it was acquired by the Denver-based Parking Corporation of America. It was subsequently operated as a Radisson Hotel "considered among Omaha&#39;s best" and then as the Best Western Redick Plaza Hotel until it closed in 2009. In 2010, it was purchased by the White Lotus Group, which opened it in the following year as the Hotel Deco XV.</p><br>
<p>In 1984, the building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Its historic significance was attributed to its original multifunctional urban design, combining retail, office, and parking space in a single building; and to its being "one of Nebraska&#39;s premier examples" of the Art Deco style.</p><br>
<p>Saint Aidans Church and Rectory is a historic Roman Catholic church complex in Brookline, Massachusetts. The stuccoed church, located at 207 Freeman Street, was designed by Maginnis & Walsh, a noted designer of ecclesiastical buildings, in the Medieval  Revival style, and was built in 1911. It was Brooklines third Catholic parish, after Saint Mary&#39;s and Saint Lawrence. The church is notable as the parish which was attended by Joseph P. Kennedy and his family when they were living on Beals Street; it was the site of the baptism of both John F. Kennedy and Robert F. Kennedy. The rectory, located at 158 Pleasant Street, was built c. 1850-55 by Edward G. Parker, a Boston lawyer. It was acquired by the church in 1911, and restyled to match the church in 1920.</p><br>
<p>The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. The church was closed in 1999, and converted to housing.</p><br>
<p>Emmett Cottage is a historic cottage at 217 Freeman Street in Brookline, Massachusetts, directly behind Saint Aidan&#39;s Church and Rectory. Of uncertain construction date but stylistically dated to the 1840s, it is a little-altered example of a small Gothic Revival cottage. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 17, 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Emmett Cottage is located in a predominantly residential area in eastern Brookline. It is set well back from the north side of Freeman Street, accessed via a drive shared with 219 Freeman Street and immediately west of Saint Aidan&#39;s Church. It is a 1-1/2 story wood frame Gothic Revival structure, with bargeboard decoration in the gables.</p><br>
<p>The exact location and construction date of this building is not known, since it does not appear on any early maps; its Gothic Revival styling suggests a construction date in the 1840s. It bears some resemblance to extant Gothic Revival gatehouses (more extensively altered than this one) that survive in the area. The lot stood vacant until 1871, when it was reported that an "unfinished house" (possibly just the foundation for this structure) was located here. The lot was originally part of a larger country estate, which was subdivided and first sold in 1855, and was then sold to John Mahoney in 1870. Its name is traditional, but the reason for its name is unknown.</p><br>
<p>St. Mark&#39;s Methodist Church is a historic church building at 90 Park Street in Brookline, Massachusetts. The church was built in 1892 to a design by George Clough in a Romanesque style. The building, vacated by its dwindling congregation in 1968, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. It has since been converted into condominiums.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former St. Marks Methodist Church building is located in a residential area just southwest of Coolidge Corner, at the southwest corner of Vernon and Park Streets. It is set just south of the triangular St. Marks Park, amid 20th-century apartment high-rises. It is a roughly rectangular masonry structure, built out of rubblestone trimmed with yellow sandstone. Its main facade faces north to the park, flanked by a squat square tower on the left, and a short square projection on the right. Set in the main roof gable in between is a large rose window. The tower and right-side projection each have a rounded corner topped by a conical roof. The main entrance is through the base of the tower. The long sides of the church each have five round-arch windows, leading to the transept area, where there are gabled projections on either side.</p><br>
<p>The church was built in 1891-94 for the Methodist Society of Brookline, which retained Boston architect George Clough for its design. The original design of the church called for a carillon tower to be constructed on top of the right side projection, but the area&#39;s landfill geology was insufficiently stable to support it. The church was used by this congregation until 1968, when it moved to facilities shared with two other Brookline congregations. The building has since been converted to residential use.</p><br>
<p>His Lordships Kindness, also known as Poplar Hill, is a historic plantation estate on Woodyard Road east of Clinton, Maryland. It was built in the 1780s for Prince Georges County planter Robert Darnall. The five-part Georgian mansion retains a number of subsidiary buildings including a slave&#39;s hospital and a dovecote. The property is now operated as a museum by a local nonprofit preservation group. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1970.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Colonel Henry Darnall was granted 7,000 acre of land in Prince Georges County, Maryland in 1703 by Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore, which Darnall named in recognition of Lord Baltimores gesture. Darnall built a house for his family on a nearby property, known as The Woodyard, between 1683 and 1711. On Henrys death in 1711, the properties passed to his son, Henry Darnall II, who was forced to dispose of much of his fathers accumulated 35,000 acre of property to clear his debts before leaving the country. His son, Henry Darnall III received the remaining 1,300 acre from his father, including 300 acre of the original grant with a mansion, which became known as Poplar Hill by the 1740s. Henry III, however, was found in 1761 to be embezzling money from one of his appointed positions, causing a bond to be forfeited and for fines to be paid by Henry&#39;s guarantors, his brother John Darnall, and Charles Carroll of Annapolis.</p><br>
<p>Henry III&#39;s brother Robert found the means to buy back the original grant and replaced the original house with the present structure, completed in 1786. Darnall, who died childless in 1803, left the property to his nephew Robert Sewall. Sewall in turn left the property to his son Robert Darnall Sewall. The son in turn left the property to two nieces, Susan and Ellen Daingerfield of Alexandria, Virginia, in 1853. In 1865 Susan Daingerfield married future US Senator John Strode Barbour. Through the next hundred years, the property passed through a number of hands, including David K.E. Bruce, Chandler Hale, and the Catholic Archdiocese of Washington.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>His Lordships Kindness is a five-part ensemble with a hipped-roof central block measuring 56 ft wide by 48 ft deep. The central block is 2½ stories tall, with dormers in the rear elevation. It is connected to two -1/2 story end pavilions by single-story hyphens. The eastern pavilion contained the kitchen, while a chapel was located in the west pavilion. The kitchen was renovated as a study in the 1920s but retained an interior balcony. The main block features a projecting bay containing the recessed entry door with fanlight, pilasters and pediment, and a large Palladian window on the second story. The facades other windows have stone sills and flat arch lintels. The rear, or garden elevation is similarly composed, but lacks the projecting bay, and the door is less elaborately detailed.</p><br>
<p>A center hall extends from the front to the garden doors. Narrow lateral halls run out to the wings, and with the center hall, subdivide the first floor into four rooms. The center hall is bisected by a wide arch, with the main stairway to the rear on the east side. The plan of the first floor is repeated on the second, with four bedrooms.</p><br>
<h2>Visiting</h2><br>
<p>The John M. and Sara R. Walton Foundation own and operate the property as a historic house museum. Guided tours of the historic house are offered from March through December. The facilities are available for rental.</p><br>
<p>The Khokari  tombs are three 500-year-old massive stone tombs of the early rulers of the erstwhile Janjira State in western India, near Murud in Maharashtra state.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The largest is the tomb of Sidi Surul Khan, who was chief of Janjira State from 1707 to 1734. One of the two smaller tombs is that of Sidi Kasim, commonly known as Yakut Khan, who was in command of Janjira (1670–1677), of the Mugal fleet (1677–1696), and again of Janjira (1696–1707). The other small tomb is of his brother Khairiyat Khan, who was in command of Danda–Rajpuri (1670–1677) and of Janjira (1677–1696).</p><br>
<p>The tomb of Surul Khan is said to have been built during his lifetime. Yakut Khans tomb has an Arabic inscription stating that he died on Thursday 30th Jama-Dilaval AH 1118 (AD 1707). Khairiyat Khans tomb also has an inscription. The figures of the date of his death are AH 1018, but the Arabic words give the date H. 1108 (AD 1696). The latter date is believed to be the correct one.</p><br>
<p>The tombs were kept in repair by the Nawab, who had assigned to the village of Savli-Mitha-gar a yearly revenue of Rs. 2,000 for the maintenance of Surul Khans tomb, and by the village of Dodakal for the maintenance of Yakut Khans and Khairiyat Khan&#39;s tombs. In the past, Kuran was read at these tombs on Thursday nights, on yearly death-days or when urus were celebrated.</p><br>
<p>The monument, which is done in the Indo-Saracenic style, is being restored by the Mumbai Circle of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).</p><br>
<p>The Ira Remsen House is a historic house at 214 West Monument Street in Baltimore, Maryland. Built in the 1880s, this nondescript row house was the home of Ira Remsen , a noted chemist and educator who served as president of Johns Hopkins University from 1901 to 1913, and influenced a generation of chemists and chemistry researches with his textbooks and pedagogical methods. This house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Ira Remsen House stands on the west side of Baltimore&#39;s Mount Vernon neighorhood, on the north side of West Monument Street at its junction with Tyson Street. The house is a typical row house of no particular architectural distinction. It is a three story brick row house with a gabled roof. Its facade is three bays wide, with the main entrance in the leftmost bay, set in a rounded-arch opening. Windows are in unadorned rectangular openings with stone sills, and a wood-frame shed-roof dormer extends across the roof. The house was renovated in 1945, when the cornice was replaced, the front sandblasted, and the interior divided into three apartments.</p><br>
<p>The house is notable as the residence between 1901 and 1925 of Ira Remsen. Educated in Germany as a chemist, Remsen came to Johns Hopkins University in 1876 to help build its chemistry department. His most notable research discovery was saccharine, but he was much more widely influential in his teaching methods and textbooks, which influenced a generation of students and teachers. In 1901, the year he moved into this house, he was named president of the university, succeeding Daniel Coit Gilman. He served as president until 1913, and remained active in the chemistry department until 1925. His ashes are buried on the Johns Hopkins campus, at Remsen Hall, named in his honor.</p><br>
<p>The William B. Tennison is a Chesapeake Bay bugeye built in 1899 and converted to an oyster buy-boat in 1906-07. With the conversion her sail rig was removed and an engine inserted, and is the only surviving example of this conversion. Her construction marks a transition between log construction and plank construction. She is homeported at the Calvert Marine Museum in Solomons, Maryland. The Tennison is reputed to be the second oldest licensed passenger vessel in the United States.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, and as a National Historic Landmark in 1994.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The William B. Tennison was built as a nine-log sailing bugeye, using pitch pine logs, 9 in thick at the keel and tapering to 6 in at the outer edges. She is 60.5 ft long on deck and has a beam of 17.5 ft with a draft of 4.5 ft.The hullform is flat-bottomed with rounded chines, and is sharp at each end. Framing and planking are built up above the logs for freeboard, using oak frames at approximate 30 in centers. A bulhead separates the foc&#39;sle from the hold. A second blunkhead was added when she was converted to power between the hold and the engine compartment. At the same time the centerboard trunk was removed. A "patent stern" was added to square the deck above the sharp stern and add working space. A portion of the rudder has been cut away to allow for a propeller.</p><br>
<p>For her conversion to a buy-boat the Tennisons mainmast and the running rigging to the foremast, necessary for sailing, were removed. The foremast was then used to hoist bushel-sized oyster baskets from other vessels to the hold using two gaff-rigged booms. A pilothouse with a rounded from was added, as is typical in Chesapeake Bay buy-boats. Three windows occupy the front, with one window and a door on each side. The pilothouse is covered with vertical tongue and groove cypress siding. Two bunks are on the port side aft, along with an enclosed head aft. A floor hatch gives access to the engine compartment. The foc&#39;sle once housed three bunks, a table and a cookstove.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The William B. Tennison was built in 1899 by Frank Laird of Monie, Maryland at Crabb Island, near Oriole, Maryland. She was built relatively late for a bugeye, as the type was going out of style in favor of the smaller, cheaper skipjack. Benjamin P. and Rufus L. Miles of Monie used her as an oyster dredge until 1908-09 when she was converted to power. In 1910 the Tennison was sold to Alphonse Lafayette Hazelwood of Eclipse, Virginia who used her to haul produce in the Norfolk and Albemarle Sound area until 1930. During the oyster season she was used as a buy-boat. Her original 37 horsepower engine was replaced with a 60 horsepower engine during this time. She was sold to Barney B. Winnal of Carrollton, Virginia in 1933 for $2050. After her sale to O.A. Bloxom of the Battery Park Fish and Oyster Company near Smithfield, Virginia, she was sold in 1944 to J.C Lore and Sons of Solomons, Maryland. The Lores used Tennison to dredge oysters on their private beds, where power could be used, and as a buy-boat.</p><br>
<p>The Tennison was partially rebuilt at the H. Krentz Railway in Harryhogan, Virginia in 1952. The pilot house was rebuilt during this time. She was beached by Hurricane Hazel in 1952, and the scar from being dragged over an obstruction to refloat her is reputedly still visible when she is hauled out of the water. In 1955 a Gray Marine 155-horsepower diesel engine was installed, possibly having been taken from a naval landing craft. She was converted to a passenger boat in 1977, with nearly all of the structural frames replaced at that time.</p><br>
<p>The identity of her namesake, William B. Tennison, remains unknown.</p><br>
<p>Hampton Heights is a neighborhood and historic district located in Spartanburg, South Carolina. Although the oldest existing home of the neighborhood dates to 1885, the majority of the homes in the neighborhood are from the 1900s to the 1930s. It is the oldest residential neighborhood in the city and one of the closest to Morgan Square, the historical center of Spartanburg. Although the neighborhood suffered from neglect and changing economics during the 1960s and 1970s, today it is a vibrant area undergoing restoration and improvement.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During the mid to late nineteenth century, most of the neighborhood was farmland owned by the Kirby family, whose home was located at the top of a hill overlooking the city of Spartanburg, the current site of Bethel Methodist Church. During Reconstruction, the Union Army was encamped in this area.</p><br>
<p>As Spartanburg&#39;s economy grew during the 1890s, upper-middle class residents looked for homes adjacent to, but not within, the urban core. Many chose to locate along Spring Street and the newly opened Hampton Avenue, which also featured a small dairy farm owned by the Irwin family and a Methodist mission. By the turn of the century, homes were lining many of the other streets in the neighborhood, which include Hydrick Street, Lee Street, Carlisle Street, Brookwood Terrace, Hampton Drive, Perroneau Street, Irwin Avenue, Pinckney Court, Timothy Street, South Hampton Drive and Cecil Court. Architectural styles in the neighborhood include Queen Anne, Dutch Colonial, Arts and Crafts, and Colonial Revival.</p><br>
<h2>Recent developments</h2><br>
<p>In 1983, the neighborhood was listed on the National Register of Historic Places after a campaign by several neighborhood activists. In 1998, the neighborhood was listed as a local historic district. That same year, the Preservation Trust of Spartanburg was established to increase home ownership in the neighborhood and promote its preservation.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood also has an active neighborhood association, which coordinates home tours, picnics, clean-up days, and other activities throughout the year. Two public parks are located in the neighborhood, Willow Oaks Park and Irwin Park.</p><br>
<p>The Kings Observatory  is a Grade I listed building in Richmond, London. Now a private dwelling, it formerly housed an astronomical and terrestrial magnetic observatory founded by King George III. The architect was Sir William Chambers; his design of the Kings Observatory influenced the architecture of two Irish observatories – Armagh Observatory and Dunsink Observatory near Dublin.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The observatory is located within the Old Deer Park of the former Richmond Palace in Richmond, historically in Surrey and now in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. The former royal manor of Kew lies to the immediate north. The observatory grounds overlie to the south the site of the former Sheen Priory, the Carthusian monastery established by King Henry V in 1414.</p><br>
<h2>People</h2><br>
<p>Directors (superintendents) of the observatory included Stephen Demainbray, Francis Ronalds, John Welsh, Balfour Stewart, Francis John Welsh Whipple, Charles Chree, and George Clarke Simpson.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The observatory was completed in 1769, in time for King George III&#39;s observation of the transit of Venus that occurred on 3 June in that year.</p><br>
<p>In 1842, the now empty building was taken on by the British Association for the Advancement of Science and became widely known as the Kew Observatory. Francis Ronalds was the inaugural Honorary Director for the next decade and founded the observatory’s enduring reputation for the provision of quality instrumentation to the world.</p><br>
<p>Responsibility for the facility was transferred to the Royal Society in 1871. The National Physical Laboratory was established there in 1900 and from 1910 it housed the Meteorological Office. The Met Office closed the observatory in 1980. The geomagnetic instruments had already been relocated to Eskdalemuir Observatory in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland in 1908 after the advent of electrification in London led to interference with their operations.</p><br>
<h2>Scientific achievements</h2><br>
<h3>Observing the transit of Venus on 3 June 1769</h3><br>
<p>A contemporary report by Stephen Demainbray, the superintendent of the observatory, says: "His Majesty the King who made his observation with a shorter reflecting telescope, magnifying Diameter 170 Times was the first to view the Penumbra of Venus touching the Edge of the Suns Disk. The exact mean time (according to civil Reckoning) was attended to by Stephen Demainbray, appointed to take exact time by Sheltons Regulator, previously regulated by several astronomical observations."</p><br>
<h3>Self-registering instruments</h3><br>
<p>Francis Ronalds invented many meteorological, magnetic and electrical instruments at Kew, which saw long-term use around the world. These included the first successful cameras in 1845 to record the variations of parameters such as atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, atmospheric electricity and geomagnetism through the day and night. His photo-barograph was used by Robert Fitzroy from 1862 in making the UK’s first official weather forecasts at the Meteorological Office. The network of observing stations set-up in 1867 by the Met Office to assist in understanding the weather was equipped with his cameras – some of these remained in use at Kew until the observatory’s closure in 1980.</p><br>
<h3>Atmospheric electricity observations</h3><br>
<p>Ronalds also established a sophisticated atmospheric electricity observing system at Kew with a long copper rod protruding through the dome of the observatory and a suite of novel electrometers and electrographs to record the electricity collected. He supplied this equipment to facilities in England, Spain, France, Italy, India (Colaba and Trivandrum) and the Arctic with the goal of delineating atmospheric electricity on a global scale.</p><br>
<h3>Testing timepiece movements</h3><br>
<p>In the early 1850s, the facility began performing a role in assessing and rating barometers, thermometers, chronometers, watches, sextants and other scientific instruments for accuracy; this duty was transferred to the National Physical Laboratory in 1910. An instrument which passed the tests was awarded a "Kew Certificate", a hallmark of excellence.</p><br>
<p>As marine navigation adopted the use of mechanical timepieces, their accuracy became more important. The need for precision resulted in the development of a testing regime involving various astronomical observatories. In Europe, the observatories at Neuchatel, Geneva, Besancon and Kew were examples of prominent observatories that tested timepiece movements for accuracy. The testing process lasted for many days, typically 45. Each movement was tested in five positions and two temperatures, in ten series of four or five days each. The tolerances for error were much finer than any other standard, including the modern COSC standard. Movements that passed the stringent tests were issued a certification from the observatory called a Bulletin de Marche, signed by the directeur of the observatory. The Bulletin de Marche stated the testing criteria and the actual performance of the movement. A movement with a Bulletin de Marche from an observatory became known as an Observatory Chronometer, and was issued a chronometer reference number by the observatory.</p><br>
<p>The role of the observatories in assessing the accuracy of mechanical timepieces was instrumental in driving the mechanical watchmaking industry toward higher and higher levels of accuracy. As a result, modern high quality mechanical watch movements have an extremely high degree of accuracy. However, no mechanical movement could ultimately compare to the accuracy of a quartz movement. Accordingly, such chronometer certification ceased in the late 1960s and early 1970s with the advent of the quartz watch movement.</p><br>
<h2>Later use</h2><br>
<p>In 1981 the facility was returned to the Crown Estate Commissioners and reverted to its original name, "King’s Observatory". In 1985 the observatory was refurbished and transformed into commercial offices; new brick buildings were added. Since 1989 the lease has been held by Kew Holdings Limited. From 1986 to 2011 it was used by Autoglass (now Belron) as their UK head office.</p><br>
<p>In 1999, landscape architect Kim Wilkie was commissioned to prepare a master plan linking the observatory&#39;s Grade I landscape to Kew Gardens, Syon Park and Richmond. These proposals were accepted by Kew Holdings Limited. In 2014 Richmond upon Thames London Borough Council granted planning permission for the observatory to be used as a private single family dwelling. All auxiliary buildings are being demolished. As of 2015 the current tenant is Mr R J F Brothers.</p><br>
<h2>The Observatory in art</h2><br>
<p>The Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology in Oxford has a portrait, Peter Rigaud and Mary Anne Rigaud, by the 18th-century painter John Francis Rigaud. His portrait of his nephew and niece, exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1778, shows Stephen Peter Rigaud (1774–1839) (who became a mathematical historian and astronomer, and Savilian Chair of Geometry and Savilian Professor of Astronomy at the University of Oxford) and his elder sister. The picture, painted when they were aged four and seven, shows them in a park landscape with the observatory (where their father was observer) in the background. Although described here as Richmond Park, topographical considerations make it more likely that the park portrayed is Old Deer Park, where the observatory is situated.</p><br>
<p>The Whittaker Chambers Farm, also known as Pipe Creek Farm, is a historic cluster of farm properties in near Westminster in rural Carroll County, Maryland. The farm is of historic significance for its ownership by Whittaker Chambers , a pivotal figure in American Cold War politics. Chambers, a former member of the Communist Party of the United States, was responsible for exposing the espionage activities of State Department official Alger Hiss. Chambers&#39; farm, where he lived from 1941 until his death. The property was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1988, in a somewhat controversial decision. Most of the property remains in the Chambers family, and is not accessible to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Whittaker Chamber Farm is located a few miles north of Westminster, and is roughly bounded by East Saw Mill Road to the southwest and Pipe Creek to the northeast. The farm comprises three contiguous areas, separately purchased and separately owned, totalling about 390 acre. The land is a mix of open fields and woods.</p><br>
<p>The first tract of land, a 40 acre parcel, was purchased by Chambers in 1941, and was the original core of the farm. Chambers sold it in 1957 to an architect who built the present house in 1960, replacing the house (which had been damaged by fire) that was Chambers primary residence from 1941 to 1957. The original barn and other outbuildings from Chambers ownership remain. The pumpkin patch that featured in events concerning Alger Hiss has been destroyed.</p><br>
<p>The second tract, Pipe Creek Farm, comprises about 230 acre. It was purchased in 1946 by Chambers and remains in the family. The mid-19th century house on this property was Chambers&#39; residence from 1957 to his death in 1961. The property includes a pond and several outbuildings</p><br>
<p>A third tract of 120 acre was purchased by Chambers in 1947 as a connecting parcel between the first two. The house, known as "Medfield", was built in the 19th century and was used by Chambers as a writing retreat. Chambers added a connection between the main house and an adjoining summer house in the 1950s. This property also remains in the Chambers family.</p><br>
<h2>Historic significance</h2><br>
<p>Whittaker Chambers had joined the Communist Party in 1925, and engaged in spying for the Soviet Union in the 1930s. He eventually became disenchanted and left the party. In 1948 he revealed that Alger Hiss, then a prominent official in the State Department, had also engaged in espionage for the Soviets. Hiss was convicted of perjury in a sensationalized trial that was a major event of the Cold War. Chambers was a star witness who, in December 1948, retrieved microfilm from a hollowed-out pumpkin on his farm which was turned over to investigators. The case served to greatly raise the profile of Richard Nixon, then a little-known Congressman from California.</p><br>
<p>The farm was also a key in the relationship between Chambers and Hiss. Chambers reported that he first saw the property in company with Hiss, who had originally contracted to buy it. Chambers eventually purchased it as part of his ideological retreat from Communism, and as a place remote from possible retaliation for his departure from the party.</p><br>
<h2>Landmark designation</h2><br>
<p>The decision in 1988 to designate the Chambers Farm a National Historic Landmark was unusual at the time for two reasons. First, it did not pass the usual requirement of 50 years&#39; age for a historic event. Second, the National Park Service Advisory Board recommended against its designation. In 1988, Interior Secretary Donald P. Hodel granted national landmark status to the Pipe Creek Farm.</p><br>
<p>In 2012, an academic published a book on the Cold War which questioned the propriety of the farm as landmark.</p><br>
<p>A member of the Chambers family replied, explaining that the farm was not a museum, and that it was not open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Threats</h2><br>
<p>The proposed Union Mills reservoir, if built, may flood portions of the Chambers property close to Pipe Creek.</p><br>
<p>The Hopkinsville Commercial Historic District of Hopkinsville, Kentucky, is a historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The site was first inhabited by the Wood family of Jonesborough, Tennessee. They donated five of their 1,200 acre for the creation of a county seat, and in 1799 the site was platted and dubbed Christian Court House. Later in 1799 it was dubbed Elizabeth in honor of the Woods&#39; eldest daughter, but due to the existence of Elizabethtown in Hardin County, in April 1804 the town was named in honor of General Samuel Hopkins.</p><br>
<p>Places in the district that are separately on the National Register include the Confederate Memorial Fountain in Hopkinsville and the Hopkinsville L & N Railroad Depot. The fountain is now located by the Christian County Courthouse. The Depot brought many passengers to spend time in Hopkinsville, as it was the one place along the railroad between Evansville, Indiana and Nashville, Tennessee where one could consume alcoholic drinks.</p><br>
<p>Other prominent buildings located in the district are the Pennyroyal Area Museum, the First Presbyterian Church, and the Old Fire House and Clock Tower. The Pennyroyal Area Museum, open since July 8, 1976, is in the historic old Hopkinsville post office, and is funded by the local government. The First Presbyterian Church was used as a hospital for General Nathan Bedford Forrest&#39;s men during the winter of 1861-1862; they were hospitalized due to a flu epidemic. The Old Fire House is currently the headquarters of the Christian County Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>Image:Hopkinsville Museum.JPGPennyroyal Area Museum</p><br>
<p>Image:Christian County Historical Society.JPGOld Firehouse/Christian County Historical Society</p><br>
<p>Image:Hopkinsville First Presbyterian.JPGFirst Presbyterian Church</p><br>
<p>Lac-à-la-Tortue was a small town in the administrative region of Mauricie, in the province of Quebec, Canada. Founded in 1895, the town consisted of about 2500 inhabitants. Since January 1, 2002, Lac-à-la-Tortue has become one of the seven sectors of the new merged Shawinigan city. The Lac-à-la-Tortue area is located east of the Saint-Maurice River near the former town of Grand-Mère, east of the former city of Saint-Georges, south of Hérouxville and west of Saint-Narcisse.</p><br>
<p>Lac-à-la-Tortue sector takes its toponymic origin of the lake of the same name. Despite its proximity to the Saint-Maurice River (only three km at the closest), the lake is part of the Batiscanie watershed. The discharge of the lake flows north into the Rivière La Tortue (Turtle River), who joined the Rivière des Envies (Cravings River) in Saint-Stanislas. This lake is the oldest civil seaplane base in Canada and since the 20th century has been a well known resort.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<h3>Ecological reserve</h3><br>
<p>Lac-à-la-Tortue sector has the largest peat lowlands of the St. Lawrence basin. This ecological reserve with a total area of 565.69 hectares is located approximately six kilometres south of Grand-Mère. This protected area is part of two municipal areas of Shawinigan: Lac-à-la-Tortue and Shawinigan-Sud. The ecological reserve protects a bog characteristic of the region lowlands of the St. Lawrence, west style.</p><br>
<p>This ecological reserve of Lac-à-la-Tortue is divided into two lobes. The eastern lobe extends over 11 kilometre north-south direction between Lac-à-la-Tortue and Troptôtchaud lake, while the western section extends from Lake Troptôtchaud until rang Saint-Mathieu to the northwest. The ecological reserve includes part of western lobe. This protected area attracts many nature observers.</p><br>
<h3>Wetland on south-east</h3><br>
<p>A sector of wetland covering three municipalities, is located south-east of Lac-à-la-Tortue, head of water between the watershed of Lac-à-la-Tortue (including the outlet of Lake Atocas), the rivière à la Tortue and Falls River:</p><br>
<p>Row "Cote Saint-Pierre Coté Sud-Ouest", a few lands in southeast of Hérouxville and a dozen lands of Saint-Narcisse</p><br>
<p>Row "Cote Saint-Pierre Coté Northeast" in Saint-Narcisse, a few limited and isolated wetlands covering about 14 lots (near the road linking the 94th street of Lac-à-la-Tortue and the 3rd row road of Saint-Narcisse)</p><br>
<p>Row X &#39;s in Hérouxville, some isolated areas at the southeast of the row, spread on eight lots</p><br>
<p>Row IX Lac-à-la-Tortue in Radnor Township, three lots (near the limit of Hérouxville)</p><br>
<p>Forefront of Radnor in Saint-Narcisse, north-east of the row, is the head area of the Falls River.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>First settlers</h3><br>
<p>Following the 1837-1838 revolts of patriots, Lord Durham advises the British government to establish a municipal structure in all parishes of the colony. Thus, there is proclamation of the municipality of the parish of Mount Carmel in 1859. The first settlers arrived in the territory of the municipality of Lac-à-la-Tortue in 1867. At the time, the territory is only a mission of the parish of Notre-Dame-du-Mont-Carmel, Quebec.</p><br>
<p>In December 1894, the parish was canonically erected. Gradually, the population of the mission increases to the total of 600 people in 1895. The detachment of the municipality of Notre-Dame-du-Mont-Carmel, Quebec is proclaimed as of March 30, 1895. April 29, 1895, the first municipal election was held. At the first meeting, on 6 May of the same year, councilors choose Onesimus L&#39;Heureux as the first mayor of the municipality. It is important to note that the citizens of the municipality found that their name recently. In 1986, following a competition in schools organized by the Library and the City Council that the surnames "Tortulinois" and "Tortulinoise" were found.</p><br>
<h3>Lake ownership</h3><br>
<p>Although water management in Canada is a provincial nature, Lac-à-la-Tortue is a rare exception in the country. The lake is owned by the city of Shawinigan since the merger in 2002 since the lake was owned by the former municipality of Lac-à-la-Tortue.</p><br>
<p>In the past, the first concession of Lac-à-la-Tortue was given as of January 10, 1879 to Mary Hall, wife of G.B. Hall, president of the company of the same name. The latter decided to sell it to the parish priest Caron of Saint-Maurice. In 1934, the body of water is sold to the Consolidated paper, which resells it as of November 27, 1943 at Canadian Pacific Air Lines (CPAL) for $1000. In 1920, the City Council took steps to acquire the lake to develop tourism. In 1967, after discussions with CPAL, an agreement is reached and the small municipality buys "his" lake for $1500. Interestingly, in 1970, the city council decided to seed muskellunge in the lake. Over time, these fish have become particularly large, but more rare</p><br>
<h3>Parish history</h3><br>
<p>The beginning of the religious history of the municipality is the 1880. At that time, the mission has not his own priest. The priest from the mother parish comes to celebrate mass on Sundays and feast days in the station. During one of his visits to the mission, Bishop Louis-François Richer Laflèche was surprised to find a small altar in the station. At that time, he said it was time to build a chapel. It was built in 1890 near the present church.</p><br>
<p>As of December 21, 1884, Louis-François Richer Laflèche sign the decree establishing the parish from a dismembered part of the parishes of Notre-Dame-du-Mont-Carmel, Quebec (Our Lady of Mount Carmel) and Saint-Jacques des Piles. The name chosen for the new parish is that of Saint-Théophile in honor of the first pastor was being made in the old mission, Théophile De Carufel, pastor of the mother church of the time.</p><br>
<h3>The church</h3><br>
<p>The chapel was considered too small, as of January 20, 1898, a decree was issued by Bishop Lafleche who ordered that a church be built in the parish of Saint-Théophile. Construction began when the construction contract is awarded, on February 10, 1898, so that the whole is finished in time for the Christmas mass which was celebrated in the same year. As of October 12, 1898, the chapel was sold at auction, but it served the cult several months until the opening of the new church. During the demolition of the chapel, the tower was sold to a parishioner who used it as a smokehouse ham. Although today the church is brick, during its construction, the structure was built of wood. The walls were briquetted during renovations from 1930 to 1933 for the front and the rest of the church and sacristy in 1957.</p><br>
<h3>The presbytery</h3><br>
<p>Since Bishop Lafleche had ordered the construction of the church, it was also decided to build a parsonage. It still stands in its original location, but had a somewhat different aspect. The building, like the church, was built of wood and had only one floor. The second floor was added during renovations in 1906. The brickwork was completed in 1963.</p><br>
<h3>The convent and schools</h3><br>
<p>August 23, 1908 marks the arrival of the first nuns in the parish that was given the task to teach to the youth of the parish. At this time, the class was made in a house near the present Notre-Dame School. In 1915, the first convent was built on the site of the present school. The hotel quickly became overloaded, the construction of a college proved essential, it was made in 1960. The building is still visible today. Now, there is also the Jacques-Cartier school for 5e and 6e year.</p><br>
<h3>Mine</h3><br>
<p>The history of the mine begins 20 years after the onset of the first forging Mauricie or in 1879. All deposits in the region had been exhausted. The industry was in crisis and on the verge of bankruptcy. Hope is reborn when ore was discovered on the banks and bottom of Turtle Lake. The largest ore deposits are found in the Bay of Maskinongé. At first, the extraction of iron was done with shovels in the shallow parts. To extract the ore in the deepest places, the company produces a Hall dredge operated with steam. The dredge could collect the ore to a depth of four meters.</p><br>
<h3>Railway history</h3><br>
<p>The ore extracted from "Lac-à-la-Tortue" (Lake to the Turtle) was used to make various objects in the forges of the region, particularly in Forges du Saint-Maurice. The most important is the vast majority of the wheels of the transcontinental railroad that Prime Minister of Canada, John Alexander MacDonald had decreed the construction. The second use is the production of poles for use in the daily lives of people of the time. The exploitation of iron ore in the bottom of the lake ends in 1910 with the closure of the Company Foundries Ldt Canada, which operated the mine.</p><br>
<p>The railway in Lac-à-la-Tortue stood at the current location where there is the pipeline of Gaz Métropolitain buried. In 1990, a bike path is built on the soil over the pipeline.</p><br>
<p>The railway Lac-à-la-Tortue is an extension of the main railroad, which was built in 1879. Before its extension into the heart of the village in 1880, the iron ore extracted from the lake had to be transported by wheelbarrow to the railway which was existing before being transported to the Radnor Forges of Saint-Maurice, Quebec. In 1880, along with the advent of the railway in the parish, a small station was built.</p><br>
<p>With the closure of the iron mine in 1910, the company CP Air constantly ask permission to stop providing services to the station Lac-à-la-Tortue. Successive city councils then undertake a fight with the company to maintain the best possible services. In 1914, CP Air demand the closure of the station that is no longer profitable. It is rejected, but the company returned to the charge in 1921. The station master is replaced by a station agent. In 1928, the station is the last building in the village to be electrified. This was done after the city council had ordered the company. In 1948, the station agent was in turn replaced by a guard officer. The company continues in these approaches and tries to prove that the station is no longer profitable. 28 years after she decided to close the station without success, or in 1952, it continues to sell tickets and agent-guard is replaced by a single guard. In 1962, the station is destroyed. The railway is still in use for freight until 1980, where the rails are removed. The company Gaz Métropolitain installs its pipeline in 1983. Today, the land is owned by the city of Shawinigan.</p><br>
<h2>Mayors</h2><br>
<p>From 1895 to 2001, Lac-à-la-Tortue had its own mayor and its own city council. The mayors were:</p><br>
<p>Church of Christ, Swansea  is an historic church at 1113 G. A. R. Highway  in Swansea, Massachusetts. The current Greek Revival church building was built in 1833 for a congregation with a recorded history of meetings dating to 1680. The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. The congregation is affiliated with the United Church of Christ; its current pastor is Rev. Holly Norwick.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and history</h2><br>
<p>The Church of Christ, Swansea, is located at the northeast corner of GAR Highway and Maple Avenue in central Swansea. It is a -story wood-frame structure, oriented to face south, with a gable roof and a three-stage tower. The main facade is divided into five bays by six pilasters, with a double-door entrance at the center under a rounded arch. Flanking windows on the first floor are topped by lancet-arch fans, a detail repeated at the center of the fully pedimented gable end above, and above the windows on the side walls. The tower&#39;s first stage is plain, with a railing and corner pinnacles surrounding the smaller belfry stage above. The railing and pinnacles are repeated at the top of the belfry, which is topped by an octagonal cupola with louvered lancet openings. The original main block is extended to the rear, with a modern addition extending eastward from those additions.</p><br>
<p>The church was built in 1830–33 for a congregation that is one of the oldest in New England, and is distinctive for its lack of municipal support in the colonial years when there was no separation of church and state. The congregation&#39;s earliest documented services were held in 1680, although it was not formally organized until 1693; its first meetinghouse was built in 1720. The current church is its second building, and was constructed after the roof was blown off the first one.</p><br>
<p>The Hornbine Baptist Church is an historic colonial church at 141 Hornbine Road in Rehoboth, Massachusetts. This modest vernacular structure was built in 1753, and is the oldest Baptist meeting house in southeastern Massachusetts. It is a single-story wood frame structure, with a front-facing gable roof and clapboard siding, set at the northeast corner of Hornbine and Baker Streets, opposite the Hornbine School. A hip-roofed enclosed vestibule extends across the west-facing front facade, with a pair of entrances flanking a single sash window. A "social hall" addition extends northward from the northwestern corner of the building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>When built in 1753, the interior had a single large open space, with the pulpit on the north wall. In 1802 galleries were added to either end, and pews were installed. The pulpit was also enlarged at this time, with stairs on either side. At a later date the space was again rearranged, and the pulpit, now reduced in size, is in the southeast corner. The current entrance was added in 1869, as was the social hall (extended to its present size just a few years later). The chandelier and four bracket lamps were added at this time, and were electrified in the 20th century. The 1870s also saw the construction of horse sheds, which were removed in the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>By 1995, the Baptist congregation was struggling with a dwindling membership and held services twice a month.</p><br>
<h2>Holy Cross Catholic Church</h2><br>
<p>Sometime between 2009 and 2015, the church at 141 Hornbine Road has become the home of the Holy Cross Catholic Church. This church is part of the independent federation of Old Catholic Churches, which split from Roman Catholicism.</p><br>
<p>North Christian Congregational Church is a historic church located at 3538 North. Main Street in Fall River, Massachusetts. The church was built circa 1842 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The church is a rare survivor, as most of the other first period churches in the city were located downtown and have not survived. It is one of the few remaining public buildings left in the Steep Brook area of Fall River.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1835 Capt. John Read and C. C. Dillingham of the First Congregational Church organized a Sunday School and meetings were held in the school house until Caroline Boomer donated the land and the church was built in 1842. North Christian Church was founded as the First Protestant Church in the rural Steep Brook section of Fall River. In 1933 it merged with the Congregational Churches, and in 1960 it merged with the United Church of Christ. The church was completely renovated in 1974.</p><br>
<p>More recently, the building exterior has been covered with vinyl siding, and many of the historic Greek Revival details have been removed, including the original windows The church is now used by the Fall River Portuguese Seventh-day Adventist Church.</p><br>
<p>The North Attleborough Town Center Historic District encompasses the most historic elements of the central business district of North Attleborough, Massachusetts. The area was developed between about 1860 and 1830 as a center serving the community and the surrounding jewelry manufacturing businesses for which the town was well known. The district, extending along Washington Street between Fisher Street and Bruce Avenue, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>North Attleborough was settled in the 17th century, and was first incorporated as part of Attleboro in 1694. It was separated from Attleboro in 1887, at a time when it was already widely known as a center of the jewelry trade. That business, begun in the 1800, was mostly found in areas surrounding the town&#39;s central business district, along the Ten Mile River and its tributaries.</p><br>
<p>Attleboros first town center, now known as Old Town, was located a few miles south of North Attleboroughs town center. The development of industry led the present town center to take shape in the mid-19th century. A few surviving residences in the area (the oldest dating to c. 1780) are a reminder of the area&#39;s agrarian past. The area had a number of commercial buildings by the 1860s (some of which still stand), and growth was spurred by the arrival of a railroad branch in 1870. After separation from Attleboro in 1887, the new town built its library in 1894-95; it is a picturesque blend of architectural styles designed by Boston architect William Herbert McLean.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is essentially linear in character, extend along North and South Washington Streets, between Fisher Street in the north and Bruce Avenue in the south. The central blocks are characterized by predominantly brick commercial buildings, one to four stories in height, most built between 1890 and 1930. The district also includes one church, the Grace Episcopal Church; it is a 1930 Gothic Revival stone building, constructed after the previous church was destroyed by fire. Its most prominent residence is found at the northernmost boundary; known as the Loeb Estate, it is a Tudor Revival mansion built by and for James Munroe, a local builder responsible for construction of a number of the district&#39;s commercial buildings.</p><br>
<p>North Burial Ground is a historic cemetery located on North Main Street between Brightman and Cory Streets in Fall River, Massachusetts. The cemetery was established in 1810 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. It is the oldest city-owned cemetery in Fall River.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery features a fieldstone gatehouse, built about 1890 and an Egyptian Revival receiving tomb built in 1849 from local Fall River granite. After Oak Grove Cemetery opened in 1855, the remains of many were transferred there from North Burial Ground, as it was considered to be the more fashionable resting place.</p><br>
<h2>Notable burials</h2><br>
<p>Holder Borden (1798-1837) - Founder of the American Print Works. (Later moved to Oak Grove Cemetery).</p><br>
<p>Orin Fowler (1791-1852) - A prominent local minister, author and USA Representative.</p><br>
<p>James H. "Jim" Manning - Baseball player</p><br>
<p>Joseph Durfee, Revolutionary War Continental Army Officer and Industrialist.</p><br>
<p>North Taunton Baptist Church is a historic Baptist church located at 1940 Bay Street in Taunton, Massachusetts. The small Federal era church was constructed in 1837, in what was a still very rural part of Taunton containing mostly farmland.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The North Taunton Baptist Church is located on the southwest side of Bay Street, a major north-south road (dating to colonial times) that connects Taunton to points north. It is set between junctions with Crane Avenue North and Field Street. It is a single-story wood frame structure, with a gable roof and clapboard siding. A two-stage square tower projects slightly from the front facade, rising through a tall first section to a cornice, above which is a belfry section with louvered Gothic-arched openings. An octagonal steeple topped by a weathervane completes the tower. The main entrance is set in a gabled-roofed vestibule projecting from the tower. Windows on the front and the sides are paired, with a tripartite Gothic-arched panel above each pair.</p><br>
<p>The Baptist congregation in Taunton developed as early as 1747, as an informal gathering aligned with the Baptists in nearby Rehoboth. The group later held services in the North Taunton home of Jeremiah Bassett. In 1769, the congregation was formally organized. The church later moved to Weir Village, using a warehouse there for services until the North Taunton church was built in 1837.</p><br>
<p>In 1819, a group split off to form the Winthrop Street Baptist Church near Taunton center. Then, in 1822, another split occurred within the church between the Calvinists, who founded their own church in Norton, and the Free Will Baptists, who settled in North Taunton. Thus, the North Taunton Baptist Church is often considered the "mother church" of Baptists in the Taunton area.</p><br>
<p>Oak Grove Cemetery is a historic cemetery located at 765 Prospect Street in Fall River, Massachusetts. It was established in 1855 and greatly improved upon in the years that followed. It features Gothic Revival elements, including an elaborate entrance arch constructed of locally quarried Fall River granite. The cemetery originally contained 47 acres, but has since been expanded to roughly 100 acres. The cemetery is the city&#39;s most significant, built in the planned rural-garden style of Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It was designed and laid out by local architect Josiah Brown, who is also known for his designs of early mills including the Union, Border City, and others.</p><br>
<p>Oak Grove Cemetery is the final resting place of many of the citys elite, including prominent mill owners and merchants. It also contains the citys Civil War Monument, donated by Richard Borden.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. It is still owned and operated by the City of Fall River.</p><br>
<h2>Notable burials</h2><br>
<p>Thomas Almy (1819-1882), co-founder of The Herald News.</p><br>
<p>Abby Durfee Borden (1828-1892), second wife of Andrew Jackson Borden and murder victim.</p><br>
<p>Andrew Jackson Borden (1822-1892), businessman and murder victim.</p><br>
<p>Nathaniel Briggs Borden (1801-1865), Mayor of Fall River (1856-1857), US Congressman, and founder of Pocasset Mill.</p><br>
<p>Colonel Richard Borden (1795-1874), industrial pioneer, businessman.</p><br>
<p>Lizzie Borden (1860-1927), alleged (acquitted) murderer.</p><br>
<p>Emma Borden (1851-1927), sister of Lizzie Borden, daughter of Andrew and Sarah Borden.</p><br>
<p>Sarah Morse Borden (1823-1863), first wife of Andrew Jackson Borden and mother of Lizzie Borden and Emma Borden.</p><br>
<p>Spencer Borden (1872-1952), manufacturer, delegate to 1924 Republication National Convention, served as director on boards of a number of local concerns.</p><br>
<p>Charlie Buffinton (1861-1907), Major League Baseball player.</p><br>
<p>James Buffington (1817-1875), the first mayor of Fall River.</p><br>
<p>Earle Perry Charlton (1863-1930), founder of E. P. Charlton & Co. 5 & 10 stores chain. Through mergers, he became a co-founder of the F. W. Woolworth Company.</p><br>
<p>Benjamin Cook, a District Court judge.</p><br>
<p>Sarah M. Cornell (1803-1832), found murdered on the John Durfee Farm in nearby Tiverton, Newport County, RI. She was originally buried there and moved to Oak Grove.</p><br>
<p>Robert T. Davis (1823-1906), mayor of Fall River and United States Representative from Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>Bradford Matthew Chaloner Durfee (1843–1872), born into a wealthy and influential Fall River family, he was a philanthropist who died in his prime. As a memorial, his mother had the local school board erect the B. M. C Durfee High School.</p><br>
<p>Dr. Nathan Durfee (1799-1876), early industrialist and deacon of Central Congregational Church.</p><br>
<p>William Thomas Grant (1876-1972), founder of W. T. Grant Department Store chain and philanthropist.</p><br>
<p>William S. Greene (1841-1924), United States Representative from Massachusetts, also mayor of Fall River.</p><br>
<p>Cornelius Hargraves (1809-1874), an immigrant from England who in 1851 founded Hargraves Manufacturing Company, a soap and glue substitute manufacturing operation.</p><br>
<p>Reuben Hargraves (1834-1905) and Thomas Hargraves (1836-1904), sons of Cornelius Hargraves are buried in the Hargraves Mausoluem.</p><br>
<p>James Holehouse (1839-1915), received the Medal of Honor for bravery at the Battle of Chancellorsville on May 3, 1863. He was a private in Company B, 7th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry.</p><br>
<p>Grace Hartley Howe (1874-1955), wife of Louie Howe and delegate to the 1936 Democratic National Convention.</p><br>
<p>Louis McHenry ("Louie") Howe (1871-1936), political strategist who masterminded Franklin D. Roosevelt&#39;s 1932 presidential election. He was the only close friend both FDR and Eleanor Roosevelt shared in common.</p><br>
<p>Andrew Jackson Jennings (1849-1923), noted local attorney, now best remembered for successfully defending Lizzie Borden.</p><br>
<p>Lewis Howard Latimer (1848–1928), African-American inventor and engineer who collaborated with Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Edison.</p><br>
<p>John O. Milne, co-founder of The Herald News.</p><br>
<p>Lt. Joseph S. Milne (1851-1863), mortally wounded at Pickett&#39;s Charge, Battle of Gettysburg; died July 8, 1863, temporarily attached to Battery B 1st Rhode Island Light Artillery.</p><br>
<p>James Madison Morton (1837-1923), an Associate Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>James Madison Morton, Jr. (1869-1940), a Federal judge.</p><br>
<p>Maude Frances Darling Parlin (1885-1979), pioneer female architect and 1907 M. I. T. graduate who designed many Fall River buildings and homes.</p><br>
<p>Richard Sears (1853-1925), owner of the Sears Mill.</p><br>
<p>Cornelia Otis Skinner (1899–1979), actress, biographer, dramatist, essayists, novels, and screenwriter.</p><br>
<h2>Notable monuments</h2><br>
<p>Eliza Bryant Village, formerly named the Cleveland Home For Aged Colored People, is located at 7201 Wade Park Ave. in Cleveland Ohio.</p><br>
<p>It was once located at 4807 Cedar Avenue in Cleveland, Ohio, an historic building built in the early 1900s as a residential facility for elderly black people.</p><br>
<p>The home was founded by Eliza Bryant, a woman who was active in welcoming African Americans migrating to Cleveland from southern states. In her work, she learned that elderly African Americans were often left alone as a result of slavery. With the help of Sarah Green and Lethia Flemming, she began in 1893 to establish a home for the elderly. The home opened on August 11, 1897. The Cedar Avenue building operated as a 19-bed facility from 1914 through 1967, when the board made the decision to move to a larger 47-bed facility at 1380 Addison Road. The home had been renamed in 1960 to the Eliza Bryant Home for the Aged in recognition of its founder. The Addison Road facility was becoming increasingly expensive to maintain, so the board made the decision to rebuild in the inner city. In 1985, the new Eliza Bryant Center was opened.</p><br>
<p>The historic building on Cedar Avenue is now owned and operated by Fresh Start, Inc., as Fresh Start Halfway House for men who are recovering from substance abuse. It also provides a 12-week after-care program.</p><br>
<p>On December 17, 1982, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places</p><br>
<p>Santo Christo Church is an historic church located at 240 Columbia Street in Fall River, Massachusetts, dedicated to the Lord Holy Christ of the Miracles. The parish was formally established in 1889 to serve in the local Portuguese community, after two decades of itinerant services by priests from New Bedford.</p><br>
<p>The Gothic Revival-style church building was built in 1924-27 to a design by the architectural firm of Murphy & Hindle. It is stylistically subdued, but has fine stained glass windows, a tile roof with copper coping, and cast stone pinnacles.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. A building restoration project began in late 2013. The current pastor is Rev. Gastão A. Oliveira.</p><br>
<p>Masses are celebrated in English Sunday&#39;s at 9:30am and Portuguese Saturday at 4pm and Sunday 8am and 12pm (Summer hours: 8am and 11am).</p><br>
<p>Mission Statement</p><br>
<p>Welcome to the Mother Church of the Portuguese Parishes in the Diocese of Fall River Our Mission Statement is,</p><br>
<p>The Santo Christo Parish Community opens wide its doors to you. We hope that you feel at home and among family. Our Wish is that you might feel your time among us prayerful, inspiring and uplifting.</p><br>
<p>If you have been away from the Church for a time, we rejoice that you have decided to be with us today. If you are a separated or divorced Catholic, please know that you belong here, that you are and always will be a member of the Church family. If you are divorced and remarried, and wish to annul your first marriage, please ask the Parish Priest to explain the procedure to you.</p><br>
<p>Feeling a part of Church family is very important, and if you are interested in joining this parish community, we would be honored to support you in making that decision.</p><br>
<p>RECTORY: 185 Canal Street · Fall River, MA 02721-1405 Phone: 508-676-1184 Website:</p><br>
<p>St. Joseph&#39;s Orphanage is an historic former orphanage and school located at 56 St. Joseph Street in Fall River, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>The orphanage was built in 1892 as part of the parish of Notre Dame de Lourdes, a large French-Canadian congregation located in the citys Flint Village neighborhood. Two large wings were added about 1917. The building later housed an elementary school, known as Mount Saint Joseph. Between 1982 and 1986, the schools chapel was used as a temporary place of worship by Notre Dame after its magnificent 1895 church was destroyed by a massive fire on May 11, 1982.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>In 1989, the building was converted into residential apartments, with a large addition to the north side. A statue of Saint Joseph was removed from the alcove atop the front of the building and placed on the nearby grounds of Notre Dame Church.</p><br>
<p>St. Thomas Episcopal Church is an historic church at 115 High Street in Taunton, Massachusetts, United States. Its present building, an 1857 Gothic Revival structure designed by Richard Upjohn, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The current church building was constructed in 1857 although the congregation dates back to 1728. Unlike most colonial parishes that were formed by the Society for the Gospel in Foreign Parts, Saint Thomas in Taunton was founded through the efforts of lay people living in the community. On November 30, 1728 a plot of ground was deeded for the erection of a church near the Three Mile River on what is now Tremont Street. The earliest mention of a building is contained in a letter to the Society for the Gospel in Foreign Parts, dated July 31, 1763 requesting the aid of the society in obtaining the services of a clergyman and in which it stated that for thirty years the people had a church for public worship. But the history of the parish goes back to an earlier date and to a layman, Thomas Coram, an English sea captain who erected a shipyard in 1698 on the Taunton River in what is now Dighton. The Puritans, strongly opposed to the Church of England, thwarted Coram, a loyal churchman, in his efforts to establish a parish in Taunton. Before returning to England, in a deed dated December 8, 1703, Coram left in trust with the Vestry of King&#39;s Chapel, Boston, fifty-nine acres of land that he owned with the stipulation, "that if ever hereafter the inhabitants of the town of Taunton should be more civilized than they now are, and if they should incline to have a Church of England built amongst them, or in their town, then upon application of the inhabitants of said town, that is to say, forty ratable men of them, upon their application, or petition to the said vestry, or their successors, for any suitable part of said land, to build a Church of England, or a school house for the use and service of said church."</p><br>
<p>Although the struggling church was unable to profit from Corams bequest, the authorities of Kings Chapel having sold the property in 1754 and the proceeds diverted to their own use, he presented the church with a sizable library, as well as using his influence with the Speaker of the House of Commons who gave a large Prayer Book, still prized by members of the parish. Although it is not documented in writing, it is generally assumed that the parish was given the name of Saint Thomas to honor Thomas Coram, who, in turn, bore the name of the Apostle. Thomas Cobb and Thomas Baylies headed the list of twenty-six lay persons who subscribed 528 pounds and 10 shillings for the purchase of a Glebe on March 19, 1743 "for ye sole use, benefit and profit of ye Rector of ye Church of Saint Thomas standing near Three Mile River in Taunton." A house was standing upon the Glebe and when enlarged called Coram Hall.</p><br>
<p>When efforts proved unsuccessful in obtaining the services of a clergyman, the lay people took matters into their own hands, pledged themselves to pay a salary of twenty pounds and elected John Lyon whom they sent to England to be ordained. The Rev. John Lyon, the first resident minister, began his work early in 1765, for his first baptism is recorded on February 6, 1765. It is interesting to note that on October, 1766 he baptized Cloa and London, son and daughter of Cambridge and Peg, two bondservants; Peter Walker, Hellen, his wife, and Abigail Andrews being sponsors. The carefully kept records of this young man are part of the parish archives.</p><br>
<p>During the Revolution, Saint Thomas, like most Episcopal Churches, fell upon hard times. The church was probably closed for a number of years as were many others in the area. The parish was not served again by a resident minister until the Rev. William W. Wheeler began his work in 1786 and continued until 1798 when he was asked to leave due to his political opinions. At a meeting on August 6, 1798 the parish voted among other things, that the church wardens should notify Mr. Wheeler that the said Society would have no further service for him as minister of said Society; that the church wardens should go and demand the Library (Coram) and the records belonging to the church; that the church wardens should demand possession of the Glebe and make a settlement with Mr. Wheeler.</p><br>
<p>Following this unfortunate incident, the parish suffered further loss when the church blew down in the gale of 1815. During this period of time occasional services were held by supply clergy from Rhode Island, but Annual Meetings were held regularly, the records of which are still in the possession of the church.</p><br>
<p>It was not until 1824 that we have evidence of new life stirring when on June 27 a meeting was called with Ichabod Leonard as moderator and William A. Crocker as clerk in which it was voted that a committee be appointed "to enquire whether it be expedient to undertake the erection of a Church in Taunton for the use of the Episcopal Church and Society. and to ascertain and report the number and names of those who are disposed to unite with the Society". The successful work and report of this committee consisted of Galen Hicks, Honorable Francis Baylies, Honorable James L. Hodges, John West, Esquire, David G.W. Cobb, Esquire and William A. Crocker and led eventually to the selling of the Glebe (August 6, 1828), purchasing a lot on High Street on which was built a new church costing $7,500 and calling the Rev. John West, the son of a prominent citizen, as rector. Bishop Griswold consecrated the church on June 19, 1829.</p><br>
<p>The church, now located nearer to the center of town, grew rapidly, leading to the enlargement of the building and adding twenty pews by December, 1840 so that the vestry was able to report to the parish at the Annual Meeting in April, 1841, "our church has become fully established, that it has surmounted most of the obstacles which have heretofore checked its progress, that the prejudices so generously existing against it in this section are rapidly passing away, and that no contingency can happen with a continuance of God&#39;s blessing to inflict upon her any permanent or serious injury."</p><br>
<p>God did indeed continue to bless the parish for it had among its members from this time forward some of the leading citizens of the city who gave generously of their time and resources for the work of the church. To their number was added each year an increasing membership.</p><br>
<p>The middle of the 19th century was an era of great church expansion and building throughout New England; Taunton was no exception. The second church was moved across the street and the present stone structure was consecrated by Bishop Manton Eastburn on March 3, 1859, the cornerstone having been laid on June 15, 1857.</p><br>
<p>St. Anne&#39;s Church and Parish Complex is an historic church complex located at 818 Middle Street Fall River, Massachusetts. It is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Fall River. In addition to the church, the complex also includes the former rectory as well as the former Dominican Academy, constructed in 1894. The current Administrator is Rev. David C. Deston Jr.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The church was designed by Canadian architect Napoléon Bourassa. Construction began in 1891, and was supervised by Fall River architect Louis G. Destremps. Work began on the upper church on July 17, 1902. The building, which is constructed of blue marble from Proctor, Vermont, measures 277 feet long by 122 wide, with steeples 160 feet high.</p><br>
<p>The exterior was completed in June 1904 and the new church was formally dedicated on July 4, 1906.</p><br>
<p>The complex was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Casavant Organ</h2><br>
<p>The church is home to a 3 manual Casavant organ their Opus 2793 (1963). It contains 4,512 pipes ranging in length from 7 inches to over 32 feet. The instrument was featured in the 2005 convention of the Organ Historical Society</p><br>
<p>http://www.organsociety.org/2005/schedule/Glance05.pdf</p><br>
<p>St. Mary&#39;s Complex is an historic Roman Catholic Church complex at Broadway and Washington Street in Taunton, Massachusetts. The parish, the first in Taunton, was established in 1830, and the present church, its second was built in 1868, to a design by Patrick C. Keely. The complex, also including a rectory, convent, and school, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>St. Marys Church is located on a triangular parcel at the northern corner of Washington Street and Broadway, a short way north of Tauntons downtown area. It is a massive Gothic Revival structure executed in stone, with a square tower at the front. The tower and the building sides are buttressed, with quoined corners. The main sanctuary has a gable roof with a clerestory level. The church was designed by Patrick Keely and completed in 1868; it is the parish&#39;s third church building.</p><br>
<p>Across Washington Street to the east is the rectory, a Flemish Revival brick building constructed in 1903 on the site of the first church, which was sold and moved elsewhere in Taunton. On the west side of the intersection stand the other two buildings: the school, a three-story brick building in Collegiate Gothic style designed by Maginnis, Walsh & Sullivan and built in 1907, and the convent, a mansard-roofed three-story brick building added in 1912.</p><br>
<p>The parish was established in 1830 by Irish Catholics who had come to Taunton to work in its industries. After meeting in private homes, a wood-frame church was built where the present rectory stands in 1832. This church burned in 1856 and was promptly rebuilt. When the rectory was built, the old church was moved to East Taunton, and became known as St. Charles Hall. Taunton&#39;s other Catholic parishes are all derived from this mother congregation.</p><br>
<p>History of past Priests:</p><br>
<p>Reverend James Coyle (1896-1931)</p><br>
<p>Reverend James Dolan (1935-1969)</p><br>
<p>Reverend James Lyons (1969-1976)</p><br>
<p>Reverend Paul Connolly (1976-1999)</p><br>
<p>Reverend Francis Kowaski, C.S.C (1999-2004)</p><br>
<p>Reverend William Kelly, C.S.C (2004-2010)</p><br>
<p>Reverend James Doherty C.S.C (2010-present)</p><br>
<p>South Swansea Baptist Church  is a historic church building at 25 Church Street  in Swansea, Massachusetts. Built in 1916, it is Swanseas best example of a Shingle-style church. The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The South Swansea Baptist Church is set at the northwest corner of Church Street and Gardner&#39;s Neck Road in an otherwise residential area. It is a 1-1/2 story wood frame structure, set on a raised rubblestone foundation with a gabled roof. A gabled section projects on the south side, and there is at the southeast corner a square tower with an open belvedere below a tent roof. The gables each have groups of lancet-point windows, with a small round window in the gable above. The exterior is clad in wooden shingles, and the overhanging eaves have exposed rafter ends.</p><br>
<p>The congregation of South Swansea began as a Sunday school operation in 1910, when the Gardner&#39;s Neck area was growing rapidly due to suburban residential development. It first met in private homes and other facilities. Religious services were organized in 1915, while land was sought for a church site. The church was completed in September 1916 on land purchased from Edwin Gardner; its architect is unknown. The property also includes a parish house, which dates to the 1960s.</p><br>
<p>Union Congregational Church is an historic Congregational church at 265 West Brittania Street in Taunton, Massachusetts. The church was built in 1872-73 on land donated by the owner of the Whittenton Mills, and is a nearly unaltered example of Stick/Eastlake style architecture. The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Union Congregation Church is set at the northeast corner of West Brittania Street and Rockland Street, north of Tauntons downtown area and just west of the Reed and Barton Complex. It is a single-story wood frame structure, with a gable roof oriented parallel to West Britannia Street. Its main entrance, sheltered by a hood with bracketed trusses, is set in the base of its tower, which projects forward in the center-left of the south-facing main facade. Windows in the main body are tall and narrow, sometimes grouped in twos and threes, with small leaded panes. The towers second stage has angled shingled sides with small square windows at their center, and a belfry above with Gothic-arched louvered openings. The steeple begins with helm cuts before rising in octagonal shape to its spire; it is also shingled.</p><br>
<p>The church was built for a congregation that first met at the Whittenton Mills (located to the north, further up the Mill River; it was built on land donated by the mill&#39;s owner, Charles Lovering. The church is a well-preserved example of the Stick style; its louvered tower has extensive woodwork detailing, and its main entrance has a gable top decorated with Stick woodwork.</p><br>
<p>The Ellicott City Station is the oldest remaining passenger train station in the United States, and one of the oldest in the world. At the time of its construction in 1830 it was the terminus of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad line from Baltimore to Ellicott&#39;s Mills, Maryland and it incorporated features for the servicing of steam locomotives at the end of the 13 mile  run. The station, a National Historic Landmark, is now used as a museum.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The station was built in 1830 at the end of the Oliver Viaduct, of local stone (Ellicott City Granodiorite) provided by one of the quarries owned by the Ellicott family, which had founded the town and local flour mill in 1772. The two-story stone building is built against the viaduct. A gabled roof is topped by a wood ventilating cupola. The upper level of the station is at the level of the tracks on the viaduct.</p><br>
<p>The Oliver Viaduct was the second major stone bridge built by the railroad (after the Carrollton Viaduct). It was 123 ft long and comprised three 20 ft arches. The viaduct was damaged by Hurricane Agnes in 1972, and has since been reconstructed.</p><br>
<p>The station building was designed to allow engines to be pulled in on the upper level so that they could be worked on from below. A turntable with a diameter of 50 ft was fitted in 1863 to permit locomotives to be turned around. The turntable was filled in after the rail line was extended, but the granite foundations remain.</p><br>
<p>The railroad built an adjacent freight house, designed by E. Francis Baldwin, in 1885. The station is now used as a museum.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The railroads inaugural trip from Baltimore to Ellicotts Mills has held on May 22, 1830, with horse-drawn rail cars. Regular passenger service began on May 24.</p><br>
<p>The B&O demonstrated its first locomotive, the Tom Thumb, at Ellicott&#39;s Mills in a famous race against a horse later in 1830. The railroad began using locomotives for passenger trains in 1832.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The station is significant as the terminus of the original B&O railroad. The B&O was conceived as a means of re-establishing Baltimore as a major terminus of inland commerce, a position the city had lost with the advent of the Erie Canal. The commencement of construction on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, originating in nearby rival Washington, D.C., gave impetus to the use of a railroad for topographically-challenged Baltimore. From Ellicott&#39;s Mills the tracks reached Harpers Ferry, West Virginia in 1834, Cumberland, Maryland (the eventual terminus of the C&O Canal) by 1842, and Wheeling, West Virginia on the Ohio River in 1852.</p><br>
<p>The First Unitarian Church is a historic church and congregation at 12 West Franklin Street in Baltimore, Maryland. Dedicated in 1818, it was the first building erected for Unitarians in the United States. The church is a domed cube with a stucco exterior. The church, originally called the "First Independent Church of Baltimore", is the oldest building continuously used by a Unitarian congregation. The name was changed in 1935 to "The First Unitarian Church of Baltimore " following the merger with the former Second Universalist Church at East Lanvale Street and Guilford Avenue in midtown Baltimore. The American Unitarian Association  and the Universalist Church of America</p><br>
<p>(established 1866) representing the two strains of Unitarian Universalism beliefs and philosophies merged as a national denomination named the Unitarian Universalist Association in May 1961.</p><br>
<p>The church building was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The building built in 1817 on a plot of land in Howards Woods purchased for $20,000. It was designed by J. Maximilian M. Godefroy, a French émigré who also designed the St. Marys Seminary Chapel on North Paca Street on the northwest edge of the City and the Battle Monument in the former Courthouse Square on North Calvert Street between East Lexington and Fayette Streets commemorating the Battle of Baltimore of September 1814 at North Point and the bombardment of Fort McHenry in the War of 1812, and assisted the famed British-American architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe in designing the "Baltimore Merchants Exchange" at South Gay Street, between Second (now Water) and East Lombard Streets, the then-largest building n America, an H-shaped, low domed on a drum Greco-Roman structure with a large rotunda beneath and a second-story interior catwalk balcony around the atrium. In its several wings were several Federal offices: the USA Courthouse, Post Office, Customs House, a branch of the Bank of the United States and early City Hall offices for Baltimore, and various offices for lawyers/attorneys, brokers, insurance agents, candlers, and shipping companies, steamship lines, and various other maritime businesses. Poor acoustics under the central dome led to an 1893 interior renovation, in which architect Joseph Evans Sperry added a barrel vault under the dome. The church features stained glass from the studio of Louis Comfort Tiffany. The pipe organ was donated by Enoch Pratt and is a Niemann instrument. In the rear, on the north side along the West Hamilton Street alley is the Enoch Pratt Parish Hall, also housing church offices, constructed in 1879 of bricks salvaged from the townhouses torn down at West Mulberry at Cathedral Street for the first Central Building of parishioner Enoch Pratt&#39;s gift to the City of Baltimore, of a central library and four regional branches in 1882, constructed and opened 1886 (current building replaced it in 1931-33). The Parish Hall was renamed to commemorate his influence and guidance in the early years in 2008 and its interior is being restored to its Victorian appearance.</p><br>
<p>A relief in the building&#39;s pediment was executed by Antonio Cappellano, who had also executed the carvings on the Battle Monument. Deterioration caused it to be replaced with a replica in 1954.</p><br>
<p>The building is significant in the history of Unitarianism as the site of William Ellery Channing&#39;s Baltimore Sermon of May 5, 1819, which laid the foundation for the Unitarian denomination.</p><br>
<p>One block north of Benjamin Latrobes Baltimore Cathedral, (now the Basilica of the Assumption of Mary and the first cathedral constructed for Roman Catholics in America), The First Unitarian Church is located in the Mount Vernon-Belvedere neighborhood north of downtown and was formerly part of "Howards Woods" on the estate north of old Baltimore Town of Col. John Eager Howard, commander of the "Maryland Line" regiment of the Continental Army in the American Revolution where the Washington Monument and its four square parks were laid out in 1821, two blocks north. His mansion "Belvidere" located at the current intersection of North Calvert and East Chase Streets which was torn down in 1874 as the street was extended further north towards the city limits at Boundary Avenue (todays North Avenue and the community developed during the 1830s 40s and 50&#39;s by the sons of the colonel. The First Unitarian Church is listed on the "National Register of Historic Places" on February 11, 1972 It is included in the "Cathedral Hill Historic District" and the newly designated "Baltimore National Heritage Area".</p><br>
<p>Lower: Harmsworth&#39;s New Atlas of the World </p><br>
<p>The Arab&#39;s Gulf, also known as the Arab Gulf or Arab Bay (all translating the Arabic name Khalij el-Arab, خليج العرب), is a large bay to the west of Alexandria in Egypt. It is not to be confused with the "Arabian Gulf" (a historic name for the Red Sea) or the Arabian Sea.</p><br>
<p>It contains the southernmost point of the Levantine Sea, which lies about 92 km west-southwest of the center of Alexandria.</p><br>
<p>Geologically, the Gulf is the result of the Arab Gulf Synclinal Basin, one of a succession of synclines along the northern coast of Africa.</p><br>
<p>Just west of the apex of the Gulf is a community, developed as an oil port but now a resort, which had little significance before the Second World War: El Alamein, site of the famous 1942 battles.</p><br>
<p>Sillyon , also Sylleion , in Byzantine times Syllaeum or Syllaion , was an important fortress and city near Attaleia in Pamphylia, on the southern coast of modern Turkey. The native Greco-Pamphylian form was Selyniys, possibly deriving from the original Hittite Sallawassi. Its modern Turkish names are Yanköy Hisarı or Asar Köy.</p><br>
<h2>Antiquity</h2><br>
<p>Throughout Antiquity, the city was relatively unimportant. According to one legend, the city was founded as a colony from Argos, while another holds that it was founded, along with Side and Aspendos, by the seers Mopsos, Calchas and Amphilochus after the Trojan War. The city is first mentioned in c. 500 BC by Pseudo-Scylax (polis Sylleion). From 469 BC, the city (as Sillyon) became part of the Athenian-led Delian League. It is mentioned in the Athenian tribute lists in c. 450 BC and again in 425 BC, and then disappears again from the historical record until 333 BC, when Alexander the Great is said to have unsuccessfully besieged it. According to Arrian (Anabasis Alexandri I. 26), the site (recorded as Syllion) was well-fortified and had a strong garrison of mercenaries and "native barbarians", so that Alexander, pressed for time, had to abandon the siege after the first attempt at storming it failed.</p><br>
<p>The city was extensively rebuilt under the Seleucids, especially its theatre. In later times, when most of western Asia Minor fell to the Kingdom of Pergamon, Sillyon remained a free city by a decision of the Roman Senate.</p><br>
<h3>Numismatics</h3><br>
<p>The city has an attested continuous tradition of minting its own coins from the early 3rd century BC up to the reign of the Roman emperor Aurelian in the 270s. Silver tetradrachms of the Alexandrian and Lysimachian types were minted between 281 and 190 BC, but other than that, the city&#39;s coinage is in bronze. 3rd-century BC coins feature a bearded head or a standing figure, possibly identifiable with Apollo, or a lightning and the inscription ΣΕΛΥΝΙΥΣ (the native Pamphylian name). Coinage under Roman suzerainty featured the same motifs, but with the inscription hellenized to ϹΙΛΛΥΕΩΝ ("of the Sillyeans").</p><br>
<p>Epiphania was a city in Cilicia Secunda (Cilicia Trachea), in Anatolia.</p><br>
<h2>Byzantine period</h2><br>
<p>Under the Byzantine Empire, the city rose to relative prominence. It is mentioned as the site of the destruction of an Arab fleet by storm in late 677 or 678, following the unsuccessful Arab Siege of Constantinople. As one of the major fortified sites of the area, it became the seat of an imperial representative (ek prosōpou), complementing the stratēgos of the naval theme of the Kibyrrhaiotai. Syllaeum was also located at the start of the great public road that linked the southern coast, via Amorium and Nicaea, with Bithynia and the capital Constantinople. In this position, it began to eclipse the traditional local metropolis of Perge, and sometime between 787 and 815, the local bishop&#39;s seat was transferred to Syllaeum. Together with the wider area of Pamphylia, the city fell to the Seljuks in 1207.</p><br>
<h3>Notable people</h3><br>
<p>Saint Antony the Younger was ek prosōpou at Syllaion in c. 821-29.</p><br>
<p>Patriarch Constantine II of Constantinople was bishop of the city.</p><br>
<p>Patriarch Antony I of Constantinople was born in the city.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeological remains</h2><br>
<p>The ruins of Sillyon/Syllaion date from the Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine and partly Seljuk eras. Among these are remains of city gates, a stadium, an amphitheatre and an odeon (some of which have tumbled because of a landslide), a temple, a cistern and a gymnasium. Much of it is threatened by landslide, since the city is located atop a rocky plateau.</p><br>
<p>Forest Hill Park is an historic urban park that was a portion of John D. Rockefellers estate, located in East Cleveland and Cleveland Heights, Ohio. Two-thirds of the park lie in East Cleveland, and the remaining third is in Cleveland Heights. The 248 acre park has six baseball diamonds , six lit tennis courts and walking trails that have retained the natural green space as intended by John D. Rockefeller, Jr., who deeded the park to the two cities in 1936. A fire destroyed the estate house in 1917. Albert Davis Taylor was the parks landscape architect. It is the largest single body of green space between two large metroparks on the far east and west sides of Cleveland.</p><br>
<p>On February 27, 1998, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Cayoosh Pass  is a mountain pass in the Lillooet Ranges of the Pacific Ranges of the southern Coast Mountains in British Columbia, Canada. It lies just west of Duffey Lake on BC Highway 99 between the towns of Lillooet and Pemberton, formed by the headwaters of Cayoosh Creek to the east, flowing to the Fraser River at Lillooet, and Joffre Creek to the west, flowing steeply downhill to Lillooet Lake just southeast of the Mount Currie Indian Reserve.</p><br>
<p>Cayoosh Pass and the valleys of Cayoosh and Joffre Creeks form the southern boundary of the Cayoosh Range, a subrange of the Lillooet Ranges. Long known to the Statimc and Lil&#39;wat peoples whose territories include it, the pass was first traversed by a non-indigenous person when James Duffey, a.k.a. "Sapper Duffy" of the Royal Engineers, investigated the route in 1859–1860 during a resurvey and reconstruction of the Douglas Road, the route of which passed the Joffre Creek foot of the pass and followeed the northern perimeter of the Cayoosh Range. Cayoosh Pass was reported by Sapper Duffey to be too steep for wagons and any thought of a road by that route was shelved until the later 20th Century. Newer engineering techniques in the 1970s saw a surge in logging road construction in the Pemberton area, which came over the summit of the pass into valleys south of Duffey Lake. Logging roads from the Lillooet side eventually linked up with the Pemberton-side roads by the late 1970s and this route was ultimately chosen for the extension of Highway 99 northwards from Pemberton, over the other available routes were one via Railroad Pass and the Hurley River, to the north of Pemberton, and another via Anderson and Seton Lakes, the route followed by the railway.</p><br>
<p>The Button Islands are located in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago in the territory of Nunavut. They are surrounded by Ungava Bay, Hudson Strait, Labrador Sea, and they are on the north side of Gray Strait. The Button Islands measure 51 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<p>The Button Islands consist of two groupings of islands lying in a northeast-southwest direction. They are barren, long, and narrow. The two groups are separated by a 0.2 mi navigable channel. A passage that can be entered from either ends flows through the Button Islands&#39; midsection, measuring 0.2 mi to 0.6 mi wide. The mid-channel depth is approximately 3.7 m towards the northeast end.</p><br>
<p>One grouping includes Lacy Island, Lawson Island, Goodwin Island, and MacColl Island. The other includes Erhardt Island, Clark Island, King Island, Holdridge Island, Leading Island, Niels Island, and Dolphin Island.</p><br>
<p>The smaller Knight Islands are about 5 km to the southeast. The Cape Chidley Islands are 28.2 km away.</p><br>
<p>The College of Medicine of Maryland, or also known since 1959 as Davidge Hall, has been in continuous use for medical education since 1813, the oldest such structure in the United States. A wide pediment stands in front of a low, domed drum structure, which housed the anatomical theater. A circular chemistry hall was housed on the lower level under the anatomical theater.</p><br>
<p>The dome is a Delormé structure, with small slats forming the dome. The design, originated by Philibert de lOrme, was also used at Jeffersons Monticello. Somewhat inspired by the ancient Pantheon in Rome. The supervising architect was Robert Cary Long, Sr., a famous local father-son team of architects who also designed many other famous buildings in the city. The front portico facing West Lombard Street (formerly King George Street) is of wood construction with Doric columns. To the west is South Greene Street (named for Revolutionary War Gen. Nathanael Greene, (1742-1786), and aide to Gen. George Washington of the Continental Army)</p><br>
<p>Davidge Hall was named for the founder and first dean of the College of Medicine of Maryland, Dr. John Beale Davidge. The College of Medicine is the oldest public and fifth oldest medical school in the United States. Dr. Davidge, along with James Cocke and John Shaw, offered medical instruction in a small theater beginning in late 1807. In November of that year, a mob broke into Davidges small domed theater, took the cadaver and dragged it through the streets. In December, the Maryland General Assembly passed a bill establishing a college of medicine. A lot was obtained for construction of a building in 1811. Evidence exists that in addition to Robert Cary Long, Jr., early design work may have also been performed by French émigré architect J. Maximilian M. Godefroy, son-in-law of Dr. Crawford (who also did work on the Battle Monument during 1815-1827, in Baltimores former Courthouse Square at North Calvert, between East Lexington and Fayette Streets and the First Independent Church of Baltimore (later First Unitarian Church of Baltimore (Unitarian and Universalist) at West Franklin and North Charles Streets in 1817, both of which still stand. Work began in 1812 and was completed the following year.</p><br>
<p>The use of the name "Davidge Hall" did not appear until about 1959, when a previous UMAB campus building of the same name was demolished.</p><br>
<p>Davidge Hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 25, 1977 and made a National Historic Landmark on September 25, 1997.</p><br>
<p>The Octagon House is a historic octagon house at 21 Spring Street in Danbury, Connecticut, United States. It is considered the best octagon house of those that survive in Connecticut. In 1973 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places to avert its demolition in urban renewal.</p><br>
<p>It is west of downtown Danbury in a residential area approximately midway along Spring between Beaver and New streets. The house itself is set back further from the street than its neighbors. It is a three-story building of one-foot–thick (30.5 cm) concrete walls faced in stucco. An octagonal cupola rises from the center of the almost flat roof, with two brick chimneys rising from the exterior walls at the southwest and southeast facets.</p><br>
<p>Verandas with cast iron railings and supports run around the upper stories. The wide roof eaves, both on the main house and the cupola, have scroll brackets. The ornate ironwork of the verandas contrasts with the simple wooden door and window surrounds.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1852 by Daniel Starr. He was following closely the precepts of octagon houses laid out by Orson Squire Fowler in his book A Home for All, all the way to the use of concrete as the main structural material. At the time of its construction Spring Street did not exist, so it fronted on Elm Street to the north. It has been well-maintained and preserved throughout its existence, even after its partition into apartments.</p><br>
<p>Mount Clare, also known as Mount Clare Mansion and generally known today as the Mount Clare Museum House, is the oldest Colonial-era structure in the City of Baltimore, Maryland, USA The Georgian style of architecture plantation house exhibits a somewhat altered five-part plan. It was built on a Carroll family plantation beginning in 1763 by barrister Charles Carroll the Barrister, , a descendant of the last Gaelic Lords of Éile in Ireland and a distant relative of the much better-known Charles Carroll of Carrollton, , longest living signer of the Declaration of Independence and the richest man in America in his later years, also the layer of the Ffirst Stone of the new Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, just a short distance away in 1828.</p><br>
<p>The City of Baltimore purchased a large portion of the former estate in 1890 as its third large landscaped park. Mount Clare has been maintained by the National Society of Colonial Dames in Maryland, the local chapter of The National Society of The Colonial Dames of America, since 1917. In 1970, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places and was designated a National Historic Landmark for its architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Mount Clare features a portico on the front facade with a projecting bay above. The upper bay contains a Palladian window.</p><br>
<p>The City of Baltimore built Palladian pavilions connected by hyphens on either side in 1910 as a concealed public toilets structure, but these do not reflect historical construction that were originally on the estate. They have since been converted to a library and a colonial-era kitchen exhibit. A circa 1912 stable, once used to house the horses of the city&#39;s park rangers, has been restored and is now used for classroom space as well as a rental facility for-events and meetings.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first building on the Mount Clare property was built by John Henry Carroll, barrister Charles Carrolls brother, (1723–1783), in 1754, and was probably eventually incorporated into the larger house. Charles inherited the property after Johns death. It was originally named Georgia Plantation, which overlooked the northwestern shore of Ridgely&#39;s Cove of the Middle Branch and Ferry Branch of the Patapsco River, where some wharves and docks existed along with a small iron-making foundry. Charles began construction of the house between 1757 and 1760.</p><br>
<p>This area had originally been near the first selected site by the appointed town commissioners for the new Baltimore Town, laid out in 1729. A different location, further northeast on the Basin, head of the Northwest Branch of the Patapsco River, was chosen after the landowner John Moale objected to the project on the theory that he had located important iron ore deposits there that he intended to eventually mine and exploit. One hundred and twenty years earlier, during the first explorations and mapping by the famed Captain John Smith, (1580–1631), of the northern Chesapeake Bay, on his 1608 map he had labeled what is now called the Patapsco River as Bolus River, from the Latin word meaning clay, usually holding iron mineral deposits.</p><br>
<p>Charles Carroll the Barrister, (1723-1783), began building the present 2-1/2 story Georgian style central block, incorporating his brother John&#39;s kitchen and flanking it with a wash house and an orangery. In 1768, Charles added the projecting bay and Palladian window that dominate the entry facade today. The kitchen wing was enlarged and an office wing was added for balance, resulting in a symmetrical nine-part elevation. The house was completed about 1767.</p><br>
<p>After Barrister Charles&#39; death in 1783, his widow made further changes, connecting the outbuildings and adding a greenhouse to the orangery and expanding the laundry, resulting in a complex about 360 feet long. These additions, along with other alterations, were in the more current style of Federal architecture which is similar to but slightly different from the older Georgian.</p><br>
<p>By the 1820s, nearby to the east as the street grid of the city began growing and inching closer towards the southwest with its rows and lines of streets and alleys filled with the dense development of small brick rowhouses of various styles. Under the competitive economic pressure to the City and the Port of Baltimore of the 1825 massive construction project with the opening of the northern Erie Canal, with its quicker and cheaper access from the Great Lakes to New York City and the proposed Chesapeake and Ohio Canal along the Potomac River to the south from Georgetown and Washington, D.C. to the western Appalachian Mountains and Cumberland, Maryland caused a long reaction among leading citizens and leaders of the City. The forming by several businessmen and industrialists, after hearing details of the incredible new transportation technology now being used in Great Britain from several of its leading merchants, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, was formed in 1827 which included Charles Carroll of Carrollton, (1737–1832), as one of its directors and the important ceremonial position of setting the First Stone for the railroad at the end of the big parade, festivities and ceremonies on Independence Day, July 4, 1828, near the old house.</p><br>
<p>The soon-to-be-famous foundries, shops, forges and other equipment sheds and shacks would be known as the Mount Clare Shops off East Pratt Street near future Arlington Street, where a small Mount Clare Station was erected in the early 1830s as one of its first passenger terminals and joined by its landmark B. & O. Roundhouse in 1884, (future site after 1953 of the Railroad Companys new B. & O. Transportation Museum, later reorganized independently as the B&O Railroad Museum), in addition to the main temporary one at the southeast corner of West Pratt and South Charles Streets, near the Basins waterfront piers. The Mount Clare name was applied to the nearby growing neighborhood in the early 19th century, home to an increasing complex of foundries, shops, mechanics, industries and businesses supplying equipment, workmen, contractors and businesses, all revolving around the business of the railroad. Attracted to the growing industrial capabilities of the area were industrialists, inventors, manufacturers such as Peter Cooper (1791–1883) of New York, who designed the first steam engine locomotives for the railroad when it quickly shifted from the horse-drawn power used during its first four years. Ross Winans (1796–1877) further developed locomotives and other equipment, followed by his son Thomas Dekoven Winans, with his Russian contracts and work. Hundreds of workers with specialized industrial skills, both citizens and recent immigrants, worked in southwest Baltimore and lived in the surrounding streets and communities. Other nearby neighborhoods were Poppleton, Union Square, and East Baltimore, along with the earlier Pigtown, (also known by the gentrified 1980&#39;s as Washington Village).</p><br>
<p>The mansion left the Carroll Familys ownership in 1840, and the houses flanking hyphen wings were demolished. During the American Civil War, when Baltimore was occupied in May 1861 by northern state militia and then regular army forces, Mount Clare was used as a headquarters by Union Army forces who fortified the site and named it Camp Carroll, one of a series of earthen forts surrounding Baltimore, then making it the second most-fortified city in the world at that time, after Washington, D.C.</p><br>
<p>After the War, and a period of use as a beer garden (called the Schutzengarten) by the German community in Baltimore, the house and adjacent acreage 70 acre facing Washington Boulevard and the Gwynns Falls and Middle Branch of the river were purchased in 1890 by the City of Baltimore as its third large landscaped park.</p><br>
<p>Beginning in January 2012, a collaborative operating agreement between the City of Baltimores Department of Recreation and Parks and the and The National Society of The Colonial Dames of America (Maryland Chapter) (a descendants heritage group. The local Dames had been administering the site since 1917. The B&O Railroad Museum, located a mile northeast of Mount Clare, provides seasonal train rides to and from its Mount Clare Shops museum complex for visitors, and has developed tours and exhibits noting the railroad and Civil War history of the site. It is also interesting to note that the soon-to-be-constructed/restored/renovation of the second small passenger station (Mount Clare Station) to supplement its original, little-known, waterfront first station on West Pratt Street (between South Charles and Light Streets along with an extensive complex of workshops, furnaces, warehouses and foundries to maintain the new growing transportation system a mile to the northeast on the edge of the estate were named the Mount Clare Shops. The Colonial Dames with their experienced staff, volunteers, docents and historians will be telling the story of the mansion itself and its furnishings/decorations with the colonial lifestyle of both the Carroll family (and several subsequent owners in the 19th Century), their relatives and visitors, with the slaves/servants employed in the house, gardens, and outlying grounds and plantation outside of old Baltimore Town.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The manor house has been appointed with historically relevant furnishings and is open to the public. Guided tours are preceded by an introductory video and include a walk through the entire house, together encompassing about 45 to 60 minutes.</p><br>
<p>Mount Clare, Bayard & South Monroe Streets, Carroll Park (Baltimore, Independent City, Maryland).jpgMount Clare Mansion, October 1958 HABS Photograph</p><br>
<p>The uninhabited Plover Islands are an archipelago, members of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and the Ungava Bay Archipelago, in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. They are located in western Ungava Bay, just northeast of the Arnaud River and the community of Kangirsuk on Quebec&#39;s Ungava Peninsula.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The islands have a hard granitic gneiss and a thin layer of soil. Their perimeter measures 3 km.</p><br>
<h2>Flora</h2><br>
<p>Their habitat includes lichen, moss, sedges, and low woody shrubs.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna</h2><br>
<p>Combined with the Payne Islands further to the south, the Plovers are a Canadian Important Bird Area (#NU027). Notable bird species include the common eider and colonial waterbirds/seabirds.</p><br>
<p>The Plover Islands are a part of the Ungava Bay Archipelagoes, a Key Migratory Terrestrial Bird Site (NU Site 51).</p><br>
<p>West St. Marys Manor is a historic house on West St. Marys Manor Road in rural St. Mary&#39;s County, Maryland. It is a rare early Colonial-era house built between 1700 and 1730, and is located on the first recorded English land grant in what is now Maryland. It is an example of a William and Mary-era country house, representing a transition from early one and two-room plans to a more elaborate four-room center-hall plan. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1970.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>West St. Marys Manor is located across the St. Marys River from St. Mary&#39;s City, Maryland, the first capital of the Province of Maryland. It is a 1-1/2 story brick and frame construction. The gable end walls of the 40 by house are brick with double chimneys, while the front and rear walls are clapboard. A brick "chimney pent" is situated between the projecting chimneys at both ends. The front elevation, facing south, is five bays wide, while the north elevation is three bays.</p><br>
<p>The interior comprises four rooms about a center hall running through the house. The main rooms are on the south side, with smaller rooms on the north. All of the first floor rooms have wainscoting and fireplaces. The chimney pents serve as closets for the main rooms. The center hall is divided by an arch, with a stair to the rear.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>West St. Marys Manor originally included 2,000 acre granted to Captain Henry Fleet in 1634, the earliest grant recorded in Maryland. The house was built between 1700 and 1730, possibly by the family of Daniel Bell, who were one of 15 leaseholders for the larger property. The houses architecture exemplifies a transition, between smaller earlier colonial houses, typically just two rooms, and the larger Georgian manor houses that came later in the 18th century.</p><br>
<p>The house has been renovated and expanded with historically-sympathetic additions.</p><br>
<p>The William H. Welch House is a three-story rowhouse located at 935 St. Paul Street in Baltimore, Maryland. Probably built in the 1880s, it is notable as the residence of William H. Welch  from 1891 to 1908. Welch was one of the "Big Four" founding professors at Johns Hopkins Hospital, and an important conduit of European medical research methods and ideas to the United States. He was also the first dean of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the first director of the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health. The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1976,</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The William H. Welch House is located on the northeast side of Baltimore&#39;s Mount Vernon neighborhood, on the east side of St. Paul Street just south of its junction with East Eager Street. It is the right side of a pair of mirror-image three-story brick rowhouses, which share a cornice with the corner building immediately on their left. The main entrance is in the leftmost of three bays, framed by an elaborate surround that has paneled pilasters, a half-round transom, and a bracketed cornice. Windows are set in rectangular openings, with slightly corniced lintels. The building has no particular architectural significance.</p><br>
<p>William H. Welch lived in this house from about 1891 to 1908, and at the now-altered 807 St. Paul Street from then until his death. Welch, educated Yale and Columbia in medicine and chemistry, after which he spend four years in Europe (mainly at universities in what is now Germany) absorbing the medical and research practices there. After being offered a position at the new Johns Hopkins University in 1883, he again traveled to Europe, after which he established a research laboratory modeled on those he saw at German universities. He was influential in training a whole generation of medical researches in these practices, effectively propelling medical research in the United States to a level comparable to the state of the art seen in Europe.</p><br>
<p>The Peggy Stewart House, also known as the Rutland-Jenifer-Stone House, is a Georgian style house in Annapolis, Maryland. Built between 1761 and 1764 by Thomas Rutland as a rental property, it was owned at various times by Thomas Stone and Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer. In October 1774 it was owned by Anthony Stewart, owner of the ship Peggy Stewart. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1973 for its associations with Jenifer, Stone, and the burning of the Peggy Stewart ship.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Peggy Stewart House is a 2-1/2 story Georgian style brick house on an elevated basement. The original rectangular house is about 50 ft wide and 30 ft deep, or five bays by three. The side elevations feature single-bay projecting pavilions, crowned with pediments projecting from the hipped main roof. The basement and first floor windows have segmental arches, while the second floor windows have flat arches, all with stone sills. Both the front and rear facades are all-header bond, while the remaining sides are English bond. The present roof form was built in 1894 during a significant remodeling. The large brick wing to the rear was an addition that replaced a wooden structure during the 1894 remodelling, as was the addition of the roof-top balustrade.</p><br>
<p>The interior features a central hall plan. A living room or large parlor occupies the entire space to the left of the hall. A dining room and a parlor are on the right side of the hall. There are six bedrooms upstairs. The interior has been extensively altered, with original woodwork remaining only in one bedroom. The home is located near Gate 3 of the United States Naval Academy and remains a private residence.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Peggy Stewart House was built between 1761 and 1764 for Thomas Rutland, who sold the house in January 1772 to Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer, agent and receiver-general for the last two Lord Proprietors of Maryland. He was president of the Maryland Council of Safety in 1775 and became president of the Maryland Senate when it was formed in 1777. Jenifer served in the Continental Congress from 1778 until 1782 and was a delegate to the Federal Convention in Philadelphia. In July 1772 Jenifer sold the house to Anthony Stewart, an Annapolis merchant who owned the cargo ship Peggy Stewart, which Stewart was forced to burn by Annapolis citizens outraged that he had paid the unpopular tea tax. Stewart fled to Canada in 1774, and his wife, Jean Dick Stewart, sold the house back to Jenifer in 1779. Jenifer sold the house to Thomas Stone in 1783, then re-acquired it in 1787 upon Stone&#39;s death, holding it until his own death in 1790.</p><br>
<p>The Clarence Darrow Octagon House is a historic octagon house in the community of Kinsman, Ohio, United States. Home to lawyer Clarence Darrow in his childhood, it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>Born in the nearby community of Farmdale, Clarence Darrow was the son of a cabinetmaker. Together with his family, he moved to the octagon house in 1864 at the age of seven and lived in it until the family moved out of state circa 1873. Darrow became a nationally prominent lawyer in his adulthood, and he remembered the octagon house as his home during his most significant childhood years, at a time when his interest in the law was leading him into activities such as running mock trials with his friends. Darrow&#39;s final visit to the house occurred in 1936, two years before his death.</p><br>
<p>Constructed circa 1854, the Darrow House is typical of octagon houses, a short-lived popular passion during the middle of the nineteenth century; its leading proponent, Orson Squire Fowler, advocated their construction as a means of providing superior housing for the poor, and the design allowed for the interior space to be used more efficiently. The Darrow House is primarily a wooden building; the walls are chestnut, with concrete used for chinking. There are seven rooms inside, and much of the original woodworking (for example, the cupboards) survives, as well as the original fireplaces and mantels. The first story of the house is surrounded by a prominent porch, which is absent from only one of the eight sides. Windows are centered in the sides on both stories, and a chimney protrudes from the center.</p><br>
<p>In September 1971, the Clarence Darrow Octagon House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, just one week after the same distinction was awarded to Kinsman&#39;s Congregational-Presbyterian Church and Dr. Peter Allen House. It is one of seven Ohio octagon houses on the National Register; most were built circa 1860, although "the Octagon" in Tiffin dates from 1852. Unlike the other houses, which qualified for the Register because of their architecture, the Darrow House was deemed eligible solely because of its famous resident. A state historical marker was placed in front of the house in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Octagon is a historic octagon house on the campus of Heidelberg University in Tiffin, Ohio, United States. Built in the mid-19th century, it has been used for residential purposes throughout its history, and while it has experienced over a century of gradual deterioration, it has been named a historic site, and the 21st century has seen plans to restore it to its original integrity.</p><br>
<p>The Octagon was constructed in 1852, and other than Founders Hall, it was the first building constructed on Heidelbergs campus. Constructed along with the Presidents House and the Gerhart-Rust Residence, it was, like the others, intended to be used as faculty housing. Its builder and earliest resident was polymath Jeremiah Good, the colleges professor of mathematics and also the man responsible for designing Founders Hall. During and after Goods lifetime, he and his family owned the house; since that time, it has passed through a succession of owners, most of whom have been connected to the college in some way. Little upkeep has been performed on the house for many years, permitting it to fall into disrepair; already by 1910 it had been subdivided into a pair of apartments, and during the 1960s it was rented by the college and used as a student dormitory. The university finally purchased the house in 2007, after a wealthy man from New Bremen gave a large sum of money to the institution. Since that time, students, faculty, and administrators have discussed the proper method of using the Octagon; a class of students studying concepts of space and place conducted a small informal archaeological excavation, finding nothing substantial, while officials have debated restoring the property.</p><br>
<p>Built of brick on a stone foundation, the two-story house features a second-story window on each side, while the first story segments are occupied either by a door or a window. A wrap-around porch surrounds several of the sides, but it does not continue to the house&#39;s rear. The house is covered with a hip roof that rises only a small distance from the edges to the center; it is made of tin.</p><br>
<p>In 1979, the Octagon was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture. It was one of twelve buildings on the campus added to the Register at the same time, all as part of a multiple property submission known as the "Heidelberg College Multiple Resource Area".</p><br>
<p>District School No. 11 is located on South Jefferson Avenue in Catskill, New York. It was built in 1833, with an addition added around 1855. It was operated continuously as a school until 1948. The school was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>This school is an exemplary representation of the one room school house prevalent in rural New York State in the nineteenth century. In its original form, it was one large room, with three windows along each side. The windows all have operational wooden shutters. The school is built of wood, on a stone foundation. The original building is topped by a belfry with a pyramidal roof.</p><br>
<p>The town of Catskill was split into sixteen districts in the early part of the nineteenth century. In the early days of the school&#39;s history, twenty-five students attended the school.</p><br>
<p>In the mid nineteenth century, New York State implemented school reforms intended to improve public education. One of these reforms was the physical change of the addition of a vestibule to the one room schoolhouse, in order to set the learning area apart and reduce drafts. Such a vestibule was added to this building in approximately 1855.</p><br>
<p>The Elmer McCollum House is a historic house at 2301 Monticello Road in Baltimore, Maryland. Built about 1920, it is significant for its association with Johns Hopkins University researcher Elmer McCollum , who lived in the house from 1929 to 1939. During this period, McCollum conducted significant research into nutritional disease. The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Description and significance</h2><br>
<p>The Elmer McCollum House is located in the Forest Park region of northwestern Baltimore, at the northeast corner of Monticello Road with Windsor Hills Road. The house is believed to have been built around 1920, and has no intrinsic architectural value apart from its value as an exemplar of the vernacular of its time. It is a 2½ story structure with a dormered hip roof, a front porch supported by round columns, and entrance surround with sidelight windows. The interior has a side hall plan, and has been divided into three apartments. Elmer McCollum lived here for ten years, 1929-1939, longer than any other address in Baltimore.</p><br>
<p>McCollum, a native of Kansas, graduated from the University of Kansas in 1903, and earned a Ph.D in chemistry from Yale University in 1906. He began researching nutrition while teaching at the Wisconsin Agricultural Experimental Station, discovering Vitamin A in 1913. He was recruited to teach at Johns Hopkins University in 1917, where his continued research into vitamins led to the discovery of many of the B-complex vitamins, and greatly expanded knowledge of diet-deficiency diseases such as rickets and scurvy. The American Society of Clinical Nutrition established an award in his name in 1965.</p><br>
<p>Temple Beth-El is an historic Moorish Revival synagogue located at 208 South 15th Street in Corsicana, Texas.</p><br>
<h2>Landmark status</h2><br>
<p>Temple Beth-El became a Recorded Texas Historical Landmark in 1981. On February 3, 1987, Temple Beth-El was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Temple Beth-El is one of three State Archeological Landmarks in Navarro County, Texas.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Jewish community of Corsicana established a congregation in 1871. The congregation worshiped at each other&#39;s homes until it could raise the funding to build a synagogue.</p><br>
<p>Julius Magil served as rabbi in the early days of its new building. He was born December 29, 1870, at Mitau, Courland, which was then in the Russian Empire but is now part of Latvia. He received a secular education at Realgymnasium and University of Zürich, Switzerland. Rabbi Magil&#39;s religious training took place at the Talmudical College of Grobin, Courland. Rabbi Magil then studied medicine at Fort Wayne Medical College, and he received a Ph.D. from Rogers College in 1898.</p><br>
<p>The synagogue was built by a Reform Jewish congregation in 1898. It is a wood-frame building, with clapboard siding, keyhole windows in the front doors, and a pair of octagonal towers topped by onion domes.</p><br>
<p>Rabbi Ernest Joseph served as the spiritual leader of Temple Beth-El from 1968 to 1980.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, Temple Beth-El closed as a congregation, although a local rabbi still leads a Jewish service on a monthly basis. The property was donated to the City of Corsicana around 1990. The City uses it as a community center.</p><br>
<p>In 2010, the synagogues stained glass windows were renovated. The synagogues facade and domes were restored in 2013.</p><br>
